{"id":940,"date":"2024-06-22T13:06:36","date_gmt":"2024-06-22T13:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=940"},"modified":"2024-07-18T08:09:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T08:09:27","slug":"upsc-law-syllabus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Law Syllabus"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#UPSC_Law_Syllabus\" >UPSC Law Syllabus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#UPSC_Law_Syllabus_for_Paper_1\" >UPSC Law Syllabus for Paper 1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#UPSC_Law_Optional_Syllabus_for_Paper_2\" >UPSC Law Optional Syllabus for Paper 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#How_to_Prepare_Law_Syllabus_for_UPSC\" >How to Prepare Law Syllabus for UPSC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#Important_Topics_in_UPSC_Law_Syllabus\" >Important Topics in UPSC Law Syllabus<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#Constitutional_Law\" >Constitutional Law:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#International_Law\" >International Law:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#Criminal_Law\" >Criminal Law:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#Law_of_Torts\" >Law of Torts:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#Law_of_Contracts_and_Mercantile_Law\" >Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/#Contemporary_Legal_Developments\" >Contemporary Legal Developments:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>UPSC Law Syllabus:<\/strong> Out of the 48 subjects offered for the UPSC Mains exam, Law is an option recognized by the Union Public Service Commission. The &#8220;Law Optional&#8221; subject is particularly suitable for candidates who have a background in law, such as a Bachelor or Master of Laws degree.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the Law optional subject, you can target a total of 500 marks in the UPSC Mains, spread across two papers. This option is ideal for those who have studied law or have a strong interest in the field. Below is the detailed UPSC Law Syllabus to help guide your preparation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Law_Syllabus\"><\/span><b>UPSC Law Syllabus<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a weightage of 500 marks in the UPSC Mains Exam, a good score in the Law optional subject can significantly boost your chances of qualifying for the UPSC interview. Law, as an optional subject, is often considered straightforward and easy to grasp, with ample reading material readily available.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying the Law syllabus not only aids in scoring well in the optional papers but also proves advantage for the UPSC interview and essay writing. The Law syllabus overlaps considerably with the General Studies Papers, making it a highly beneficial optional subject for aspirants.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Law_Syllabus_for_Paper_1\"><\/span><b>UPSC Law Syllabus for Paper 1<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The optional Paper 1 in the UPSC Mains exam consists of questions of 250 marks. Here is the detailed Law Syllabus for UPSC Mains Optional Paper 1:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Topic<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Subtopics<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constitutional and Administrative Law<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constitution and Constitutionalism<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The distinctive features of the Constitution<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fundamental Rights<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public interest litigation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal Aid<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal services authority<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relationship between Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governor and his powers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supreme Court and the High Courts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appointments and transfers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Powers, functions, and jurisdiction<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centre, States, and Local Bodies<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Bodies<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative relationship among Union, State, and Local Bodies<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eminent domain\u2014State property, common property, community property<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legislative powers, privileges, and immunities<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Services under the Union and the States<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recruitment and conditions of services<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constitutional safeguards<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative tribunals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions\u2014Power and Functions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Election Commission\u2014Power and functions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergency provisions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amendment of the Constitution<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Principle of Natural Justice<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emerging Trends and Judicial Approach<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delegated legislation and its constitutionality<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Separation of powers and constitutional governance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judicial review of administrative action<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ombudsman<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lokayukta, Lokpal, etc.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Law<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature and Definition of International Law<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Recognition and State Succession<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of the Sea<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inland Waters<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Territorial Sea<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contiguous Zone<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Continental Shelf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exclusive Economic Zone<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High Seas<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Individuals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nationality<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Statelessness<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human Rights and procedures available for their enforcement<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treaties<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Formation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Application<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Termination<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reservation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Nations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its principal organs, powers, and functions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reform<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peaceful settlement of disputes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Different modes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lawful recourse to force<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aggression<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-defence<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intervention<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International conventions and contemporary developments<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legality of the use of nuclear weapons<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ban on testing of nuclear weapons<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuclear non-proliferation treaty<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CTBT<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Terrorism<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State-sponsored terrorism<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hijacking<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Criminal Court<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New International Economic Order and Monetary Law<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WTO<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TRIPS<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GATT<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IMF<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Bank<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Efforts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Law_Optional_Syllabus_for_Paper_2\"><\/span><b>UPSC Law Optional Syllabus for Paper 2<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The optional Paper 2 in the UPSC Mains exam consists of questions of 250 marks. Here is the detailed Law Syllabus for UPSC Mains Optional Paper 2:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Topic<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Subtopics<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of Crimes<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General principles of Criminal liability: mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preparations and criminal attempt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General exceptions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joint and constructive liability<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abetment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminal conspiracy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offences against the State<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offences against public tranquility<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offences against human body<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offences against property<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offences against women<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defamation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plea bargaining<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of Torts<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature and definition<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vicarious liability including State Liability<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General defences<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joint tortfeasors<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remedies<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negligence<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defamation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuisance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conspiracy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">False imprisonment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malicious prosecution<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consumer Protection Act, 1986<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature and formation of contract\/E-contract<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Factors vitiating free consent<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Void, voidable, illegal, and unenforceable agreements<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Performance and discharge of contracts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quasi-contracts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consequences of breach of contract<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contract of indemnity, guarantee, and insurance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contract of agency<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sale of goods and hire purchase<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Formation and dissolution of partnership<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standard form contracts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contemporary Legal Developments<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Interest Litigation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intellectual property rights\u2014Concept, types\/prospects<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws\u2014Concept, purpose\/prospects<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Competition Law\u2014Concept, purpose\/prospects<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alternate Dispute Resolution\u2014Concept, types\/prospects<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major statutes concerning environmental law<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right to Information Act<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trial by media<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Prepare_Law_Syllabus_for_UPSC\"><\/span><b>How to Prepare Law Syllabus for UPSC?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preparing for the UPSC Law Optional Exam requires a systematic approach and thorough understanding of the syllabus. Here are some steps to effectively prepare for the exam:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understand the Syllabus: Start by thoroughly understanding the syllabus provided by UPSC. This will help you identify the subjects and topics that need to be covered.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Current affairs play a crucial role in the preparation of Law optional. Incorporate relevant current topics into your study of law. Regularly read newspapers and legal journals to stay updated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Study Case Laws: Familiarize yourself with important case laws related to the topics in the syllabus. Understanding landmark judgments will provide you with a deeper insight into the subject.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revise Class and Self-Study Notes: Regularly revise your class notes and self-study notes to reinforce concepts and ensure comprehensive coverage of the syllabus.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practice Answer Writing: Practice answering questions from previous years&#8217; UPSC Law optional papers. This will help you understand the exam pattern and develop your answer writing skills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Refer to Standard Books and Material: Utilize standard textbooks and reference materials recommended for UPSC Law optional preparation. Some recommended books include:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Constitutional Law by MP Jain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative Law by IP Massey<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Law by Malcolm Shaw<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Textbook on IPC by KD Gaur<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of Torts by RK Bangia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of Contract &amp; Specific Relief by Avtar Singh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Constitution of India (Bare Act) by PM Bakshi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jurisprudence (Legal Theory) by B.N. Mani Tripathi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bare Acts<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Continuous Answer Writing Practice: Regularly practice writing answers to UPSC-style questions. This will help you improve your writing speed, clarity, and organization of thoughts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seek Guidance: If needed, seek guidance from experienced mentors, teachers, or fellow aspirants. Joining a coaching institute or study group can also provide valuable insights and motivation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stay Consistent and Disciplined: Maintain a consistent study schedule and adhere to it diligently. Consistent efforts over a sustained period of time will yield positive results.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stay Healthy and Motivated: Lastly, don&#8217;t forget to take care of your physical and mental well-being. Stay motivated, stay focused, and believe in yourself throughout your preparation journey.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Topics_in_UPSC_Law_Syllabus\"><\/span><b>Important Topics in UPSC Law Syllabus<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is a list of important topics in the UPSC Law syllabus:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Constitutional_Law\"><\/span><b>Constitutional Law:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constitution and Constitutionalism:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the structure, features, and basic principles of the Indian Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fundamental Rights:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring the fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens, including their significance, scope, and limitations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relationship between Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyzing the interplay between fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, and fundamental duties, and their role in governance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supreme Court and the High Courts:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying the organization, jurisdiction, and powers of the Supreme Court and High Courts in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centre, States, and Local Bodies:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States, as well as the administrative relationships among them, including the role of local bodies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergency provisions:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring the constitutional provisions related to emergency situations, including national emergency, state emergency, and financial emergency.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Principle of Natural Justice\u2014Emerging Trends and Judicial Approach:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examining the principles of natural justice and their application in administrative and legal proceedings, along with emerging trends and judicial interpretations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Law\"><\/span><b>International Law:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature and Definition of International Law:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the nature, sources, and principles of international law governing relations between states and international organizations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of the sea:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring the legal framework governing maritime zones, including territorial waters, contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones, and high seas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition, and Asylum:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying the principles of territorial jurisdiction, extradition, and asylum under international law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Nations:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyzing the structure, functions, and powers of the United Nations and its principal organs in promoting international peace and security.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the principles and rules of international humanitarian law governing armed conflicts and protection of civilians.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New International Economic Order and Monetary Law:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring the legal framework governing international economic relations, including trade, finance, and monetary policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Criminal_Law\"><\/span><b>Criminal Law:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General principles of Criminal liability:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the basic principles of criminal law, including mens rea (guilty mind) and actus reus (guilty act).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preparations and criminal attempt:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyzing the legal principles governing criminal preparations and attempts to commit crimes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offences against the State:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying crimes against the state, including sedition, treason, and terrorism, and their legal implications.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring the legal framework for preventing corruption and prosecuting corrupt practices in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the legal provisions aimed at protecting civil rights and combating discrimination based on caste, religion, or gender.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Law_of_Torts\"><\/span><b>Law of Torts:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature and definition:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the principles and elements of tort law, including liability for wrongful acts causing harm to others.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consumer Protection Act, 1986:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying the legal framework for consumer protection, including rights and remedies available to consumers in case of defective goods or services.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Law_of_Contracts_and_Mercantile_Law\"><\/span><b>Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The principles of contract law, including formation, performance, and breach of contracts, as well as specific mercantile laws governing commercial transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contemporary_Legal_Developments\"><\/span><b>Contemporary Legal Developments:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Interest Litigation:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyzing the role of public interest litigation in promoting social justice and protecting fundamental rights of citizens.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Competition Law:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the legal framework for promoting fair competition and preventing anti-competitive practices in the market.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alternate Dispute Resolution:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as arbitration, mediation, and conciliation, as alternatives to traditional litigation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right to Information Act:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying the legal provisions governing the right to information and its implications for transparency and accountability in governance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trial by media:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyzing the legal and ethical issues surrounding media trials and their impact on the administration of justice.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Read Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">6<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> UPSC Law Syllabus: Out of the 48 subjects offered for the UPSC Mains exam, Law is an option recognized by the Union Public Service Commission. The &#8220;Law Optional&#8221; subject is particularly suitable for candidates who have a background in law, such as a Bachelor or Master of Laws degree. With the Law optional subject, you&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-law-syllabus\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">UPSC Law Syllabus<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[51,55],"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/940"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=940"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":942,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/940\/revisions\/942"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}