{"id":2449,"date":"2024-11-14T06:28:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T06:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2449"},"modified":"2024-11-14T06:28:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T06:28:49","slug":"current-affair-8-november-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affair &#8211; 8 November 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Marathi_among_5_languages_accorded_%E2%80%98classical_language_status\" >Marathi among 5 languages accorded \u2018classical language\u2019 status<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Criteria_for_Classical_Language_Status\" >Criteria for Classical Language Status<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Significance_for_Marathi\" >Significance for Marathi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Pali_Prakrit_Assamese_and_Bengali\" >Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Historical_Context_of_Classical_Languages\" >Historical Context of Classical Languages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Process_of_Approval\" >Process of Approval<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Constitutional_Rights\" >Constitutional Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Classical_Languages_in_India\" >Classical Languages in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Existing_Classical_Languages\" >Existing Classical Languages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#How_Cyclones_Can_Cause_Excess_Mortality_Years_After_They_Strike\" >How Cyclones Can Cause Excess Mortality Years After They Strike<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Mortality_in_Tropical_Cyclones\" >Mortality in Tropical Cyclones<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Direct_Causes_of_Mortality\" >Direct Causes of Mortality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Indirect_Causes_of_Mortality\" >Indirect Causes of Mortality<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Excess_Mortality\" >Excess Mortality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Case_Studies_of_Tropical_Cyclone_Mortality\" >Case Studies of Tropical Cyclone Mortality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Tropical_Cyclone\" >Tropical Cyclone<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Conditions_for_Formation\" >Conditions for Formation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Naming_of_Cyclones\" >Naming of Cyclones<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Tropical_Cyclones_in_India\" >Tropical Cyclones in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Way_Forward\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Bihar_Under_Water_Why_the_State_Sees_Floods_Every_Year\" >Bihar Under Water: Why the State Sees Floods Every Year<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Flood-Prone_Nature_of_Bihar\" >Flood-Prone Nature of Bihar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Types_of_Floods_in_Bihar\" >Types of Floods in Bihar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Geographical_Factors_Contributing_to_Flooding\" >Geographical Factors Contributing to Flooding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Impact_of_Infrastructure_Solutions\" >Impact of Infrastructure Solutions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Himalayan_Rivers_Kosi_Gandak_and_Bagmati_Flowing_into_Bihar\" >Himalayan Rivers: Kosi, Gandak, and Bagmati Flowing into Bihar<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Kosi_River\" >Kosi River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Gandak_River\" >Gandak River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Bagmati_River\" >Bagmati River<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Way_Forward-2\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Caste_Bias_Segregation_in_Prisons_Violate_Dignity_Supreme_Court\" >Caste Bias, Segregation in Prisons Violate Dignity: Supreme Court<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Caste-Based_Segregation_in_Prisons\" >Caste-Based Segregation in Prisons<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Revision_of_Prison_Manuals\" >Revision of Prison Manuals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Caste-Based_Discrimination_in_Prisons_Violates\" >Caste-Based Discrimination in Prisons Violates<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Manual_Scavenging_in_Prisons\" >Manual Scavenging in Prisons<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Reforming_Laws_and_Practices\" >Reforming Laws and Practices<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Denotified_Tribes\" >Denotified Tribes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Ways_Forward\" >Ways Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#UK-Mauritius_Treaty_on_Chagos_Archipelago_Diego_Garcia_What_it_Means_Why_It_Matters_for_India\" >UK-Mauritius Treaty on Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia: What it Means, Why It Matters for India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Background_of_the_Chagos_Archipelago\" >Background of the Chagos Archipelago<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Strategic_Importance_of_Diego_Garcia\" >Strategic Importance of Diego Garcia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#The_Dispute_Between_the_UK_and_Mauritius\" >The Dispute Between the UK and Mauritius<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Significance_of_the_UK-Mauritius_Agreement\" >Significance of the UK-Mauritius Agreement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Implications_for_India\" >Implications for India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Conclusion-2\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Question_How_does_the_resolution_of_the_UK-Mauritius_dispute_over_the_Chagos_Archipelago_affect_Indias_geopolitical_interests_in_the_Indian_Ocean\" >Question: How does the resolution of the UK-Mauritius dispute over the Chagos Archipelago affect India\u2019s geopolitical interests in the Indian Ocean?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Odishas_Leopard_Population_Jumps_by_22_to_696\" >Odisha\u2019s Leopard Population Jumps by 22% to 696<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Leopard_Panthera_pardus\" >Leopard (Panthera pardus)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Leopard_Population_in_Odisha\" >Leopard Population in Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Role_of_Protected_Areas\" >Role of Protected Areas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Challenges_to_Conservation\" >Challenges to Conservation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Leopard_Conservation_in_India\" >Leopard Conservation in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Ways_Forward-2\" >Ways Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Govt_Brings_Agriculture_Sector_Initiatives_Under_Two_Schemes_for_Flexibility\" >Govt. Brings Agriculture Sector Initiatives Under Two Schemes for Flexibility<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Merger_of_Schemes\" >Merger of Schemes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#PM_Rashtriya_Krishi_Vikas_Yojana_PM-RKVY\" >PM Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Krishonnati_Yojana_KY\" >Krishonnati Yojana (KY)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#State_Government_Flexibility\" >State Government Flexibility<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Additional_Initiatives_National_Mission_on_Edible_Oils_%E2%80%93_Oilseeds_NMEO-Oilseeds\" >Additional Initiatives: National Mission on Edible Oils &#8211; Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Importance_of_PM-RKVY_and_KY\" >Importance of PM-RKVY and KY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Ways_Forward-3\" >Ways Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Indian_Push_Needed_to_End_AIDS_as_a_Global_Health_Threat_by_2030_UNAIDS\" >Indian Push Needed to End AIDS as a Global Health Threat by 2030: UNAIDS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Progress_in_Indias_Fight_Against_AIDS\" >Progress in India\u2019s Fight Against AIDS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#UNAIDS_Role_and_Global_Strategy\" >UNAIDS Role and Global Strategy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Challenges_and_Gaps_in_Prevention\" >Challenges and Gaps in Prevention<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#AIDS_Acquired_Immunodeficiency_Syndrome\" >AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#UNAIDS_Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIVAIDS\" >UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Ways_Forward-4\" >Ways Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Why_Italy_Matters_to_India\" >Why Italy Matters to India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Italys_Strategic_Importance_in_the_Indo-Mediterranean_Region\" >Italy&#8217;s Strategic Importance in the Indo-Mediterranean Region<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Italy-India_Defense_Cooperation\" >Italy-India Defense Cooperation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Technological_and_Economic_Cooperation\" >Technological and Economic Cooperation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#People-to-People_Ties_and_Diaspora\" >People-to-People Ties and Diaspora<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Indo-Mediterranean_Economic_Corridor\" >Indo-Mediterranean Economic Corridor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/#Way_Forward-3\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Marathi_among_5_languages_accorded_%E2%80%98classical_language_status\"><\/span><strong>Marathi among 5 languages accorded \u2018classical language\u2019 status<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nThe Union Cabinet has granted \u2018Classical Language\u2019 status to Marathi, alongside four other languages\u2014Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Criteria_for_Classical_Language_Status\"><\/span><strong>Criteria for Classical Language Status<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The decision to accord a language classical status is based on several criteria, including its antiquity, recorded history, and the richness of its early texts, typically over a thousand years old. The language must have an original and significant body of literary work that is distinct from modern language forms.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_for_Marathi\"><\/span><strong>Significance for Marathi<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Marathi is termed &#8220;India\u2019s pride,&#8221; acknowledging its contribution to Indian heritage and history.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pali_Prakrit_Assamese_and_Bengali\"><\/span><strong>Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pali and Prakrit\u2014languages tied to Buddhist and Jain traditions\u2014reinforce India\u2019s commitment to preserving ancient cultural traditions. Assamese and Bengali are recognized for their literary richness and historical importance in India\u2019s northeastern region.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Context_of_Classical_Languages\"><\/span><strong>Historical Context of Classical Languages<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The concept of \u201cClassical Language\u201d was introduced by the Government of India in October 2004, with Tamil being the first to be declared as such.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_of_Approval\"><\/span><strong>Process of Approval<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A Linguistic Experts Committee (LEC) evaluates the eligibility of languages for classical status. In the case of Marathi, a proposal was submitted in 2013, and after inter-ministerial consultations, the decision was finally approved in 2024.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Constitutional_Rights\"><\/span><strong>Constitutional Rights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Classical languages align with Articles 29 and 30 of the Constitution, which provide for the protection of linguistic minorities and their culture.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classical_Languages_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Classical Languages in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Classical languages are recognized for their significant contribution to India\u2019s ancient heritage, having a rich and well-documented history of over a thousand years.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existing_Classical_Languages\"><\/span><strong>Existing Classical Languages<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tamil (2004):<\/strong> Literary Works: Thirukkural, Silappadikaram.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sanskrit (2005):<\/strong> Literary Works: Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, Ramayana.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Telugu (2008):<\/strong> Literary Works: Kavirajamarga, Vachana Sahitya.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kannada (2008):<\/strong> Literary Works: Nannaya\u2019s Mahabharata, Sri Krishnadevaraya\u2019s Amuktamalyada.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Malayalam (2013):<\/strong> Literary Works: Ramacharitam, Manipravalam literature.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odia (2014):<\/strong> Literary Works: Sarala Mahabharata, Charya literature.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, Bengali (2024)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The recognition of Marathi and four other languages as classical languages is a significant step in preserving India\u2019s linguistic diversity and cultural heritage.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Cyclones_Can_Cause_Excess_Mortality_Years_After_They_Strike\"><\/span><strong>How Cyclones Can Cause Excess Mortality Years After They Strike<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nThe study found that states\u2019 mortality systematically increased for about 172 months (14.3 years) following a Tropical Cyclone.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mortality_in_Tropical_Cyclones\"><\/span><strong>Mortality in Tropical Cyclones<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mortality in tropical cyclones refers to the loss of life caused by the storm&#8217;s direct and indirect impacts.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Direct_Causes_of_Mortality\"><\/span><strong>Direct Causes of Mortality<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Storm Surge<\/li>\n<li>High Winds<\/li>\n<li>Heavy Rainfall and Flash Floods<\/li>\n<li>Flying Debris<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indirect_Causes_of_Mortality\"><\/span><strong>Indirect Causes of Mortality<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Health Complications<\/li>\n<li>Infrastructure Collapse<\/li>\n<li>Economic Hardship<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Excess_Mortality\"><\/span><strong>Excess Mortality<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mortality rates systematically increased for around 172 months (14.3 years) following a tropical cyclone. These storms, known as hurricanes in North America, result in significant long-term health impacts, with estimates of 7,000\u201311,000 excess deaths per tropical cyclone.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Studies_of_Tropical_Cyclone_Mortality\"><\/span><strong>Case Studies of Tropical Cyclone Mortality<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cyclone Bhola (1970):<\/strong> In Bangladesh, an estimated 300,000 to 500,000 people died, mainly due to storm surges and the lack of effective warning systems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cyclone Nargis (2008):<\/strong> In Myanmar, over 138,000 people lost their lives, primarily due to storm surges and delayed humanitarian response.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tropical_Cyclone\"><\/span><strong>Tropical Cyclone<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and thunderstorms that produce heavy rainfall. These storms form over warm ocean waters near the equator and can result in significant loss of life and property damage.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conditions_for_Formation\"><\/span><strong>Conditions for Formation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Warm Ocean Water:<\/strong> Sea surface temperatures above 26.5\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>Low-Pressure Area:<\/strong> Cyclones form in regions with pre-existing low-pressure zones.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coriolis Force:<\/strong> Due to Earth&#8217;s rotation, this causes the spinning motion necessary for cyclones to form. This is why they form between 5\u00b0 to 20\u00b0 latitude.<\/li>\n<li><strong>High Humidity:<\/strong> Sufficient moisture in the mid-troposphere fuels the storm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weak Vertical Wind Shear:<\/strong> Low difference in wind speeds at different altitudes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Naming_of_Cyclones\"><\/span><strong>Naming of Cyclones<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the India Meteorological Department (IMD) are responsible for naming cyclones.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tropical_Cyclones_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Tropical Cyclones in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India is highly vulnerable to tropical cyclones, particularly along its eastern coast (Bay of Bengal), though the western coast (Arabian Sea) also experiences cyclones.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bay of Bengal:<\/strong> More cyclones form here due to warm waters and favorable conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cyclone-Prone States:<\/strong> Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Seasons:<\/strong> Peak seasons for cyclones in India are May-June and October-November.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The study highlights the long-term human toll of tropical cyclones, with excess mortality extending for more than a decade.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bihar_Under_Water_Why_the_State_Sees_Floods_Every_Year\"><\/span><strong>Bihar Under Water: Why the State Sees Floods Every Year<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nBihar is among India&#8217;s most flood-prone states. The reasons for this are the state&#8217;s unique geography and a decades-old solution that has proved short-sighted.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Flood-Prone_Nature_of_Bihar\"><\/span><strong>Flood-Prone Nature of Bihar<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bihar is India&#8217;s most flood-prone state, with 76% of its population in north Bihar vulnerable to floods due to unique geographical features and historical management decisions. The region is crisscrossed by both snow-fed and rain-fed rivers, creating multiple flood risks.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Floods_in_Bihar\"><\/span><strong>Types of Floods in Bihar<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The state\u2019s Disaster Management Authority categorizes floods into four classes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flash Floods:<\/strong> Caused by sudden rainfall in Nepal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>River Floods:<\/strong> Resulting from river overflow.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drainage Congestion:<\/strong> Long-lasting floods due to drainage issues, lasting the entire monsoon.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Permanent Waterlogged Areas:<\/strong> Chronic flooding due to encroachment, siltation, and changes in river courses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geographical_Factors_Contributing_to_Flooding\"><\/span><strong>Geographical Factors Contributing to Flooding<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Proximity to the Himalayas:<\/strong> The state is located downstream of Nepal, where the Himalayan rivers (Kosi, Gandak, Bagmati, etc.) carry large sediment loads, increasing overflow risks during heavy rains.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soil and Sediment Issues:<\/strong> The young Himalayan range has loose soil, leading to sediment-laden rivers that overflow when water volumes surge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_Infrastructure_Solutions\"><\/span><strong>Impact of Infrastructure Solutions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Narrowed River Channels:<\/strong> Embankments restrict sediment distribution, causing riverbeds to rise and increasing overflow risks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inadequate Capacity:<\/strong> Embankments, initially designed to handle specific water discharge levels, are failing under current conditions, leading to breaches and flooding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Himalayan_Rivers_Kosi_Gandak_and_Bagmati_Flowing_into_Bihar\"><\/span><strong>Himalayan Rivers: Kosi, Gandak, and Bagmati Flowing into Bihar<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Kosi, Gandak, and Bagmati rivers are major tributaries of the Ganges and play a crucial role in the hydrology, agriculture, and overall ecology of Bihar.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kosi_River\"><\/span><strong>Kosi River<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Origin:<\/strong> Tibetan plateau in the Himalayas, from the glaciers of the Kangchenjunga range.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Course:<\/strong> Flows through Nepal before entering Bihar, joined by Sunkoshi and Tamur. It is often referred to as the &#8220;Sorrow of Bihar&#8221; due to its flooding tendencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gandak_River\"><\/span><strong>Gandak River<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Origin:<\/strong> Nepal region of the Himalayas and is fed by various streams from the Annapurna Range.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Course:<\/strong> It flows southeast, entering Bihar at Nawada and merges with the Ganges near Ghazipur, UP. The Gandak Barrage at Valmikinagar is a key structure for irrigation and flood control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bagmati_River\"><\/span><strong>Bagmati River<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Origin:<\/strong> Himalayan region in Nepal, near the Langtang range.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Course:<\/strong> From Kathmandu Valley before entering Bihar, flowing through Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur districts. The river&#8217;s flow and sediment management are crucial for the agricultural economy in Bihar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward-2\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Addressing flooding in Bihar requires a balanced approach, combining structural and non-structural strategies, recognizing the state\u2019s geographical constraints.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Caste_Bias_Segregation_in_Prisons_Violate_Dignity_Supreme_Court\"><\/span><strong>Caste Bias, Segregation in Prisons Violate Dignity: Supreme Court<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nCentral and State prison manuals and laws must be revised within three months, rules a three-judge Bench headed by the Chief Justice of India; even 21st-century regulations discriminate against the \u2018scavenger class\u2019 and \u2018habitual offenders.\u2019<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Caste-Based_Segregation_in_Prisons\"><\/span><strong>Caste-Based Segregation in Prisons<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Discrimination against marginalized communities, such as denotified tribes, persists within Indian prisons. This includes the allocation of work and living conditions based on caste hierarchy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revision_of_Prison_Manuals\"><\/span><strong>Revision of Prison Manuals<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court has directed a review of existing prison manuals to remove any caste-based references and practices, including the elimination of the &#8216;caste column&#8217; in prison registers. The manuals are to be updated within three months to ensure that no prisoner is segregated or forced into certain tasks solely based on caste.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Caste-Based_Discrimination_in_Prisons_Violates\"><\/span><strong>Caste-Based Discrimination in Prisons Violates<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Article 15(1): Prohibition of Discrimination<\/strong><br \/>\nProhibits the State from discriminating against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. The focus is on equality and ensuring that no citizen faces discrimination based on the aforementioned criteria, primarily in access to public places and state services.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exceptions under Article 15:<\/strong> Articles 15(3), 15(4), and 15(5) allow the state to make special provisions for women, children, and socially and educationally backward classes, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability<\/strong><br \/>\nArticle 17 abolishes the practice of &#8220;untouchability&#8221; and forbids its practice in any form. This is one of the Fundamental Rights and is enforceable by law. Any act of discrimination based on untouchability is a punishable offense under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. The term &#8220;untouchability&#8221; refers to social ostracism and exclusion practiced against certain castes, especially in the Hindu community, ensuring the dignity of individuals and emphasizing social equality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Manual_Scavenging_in_Prisons\"><\/span><strong>Manual Scavenging in Prisons<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Article 23 prohibits forced labor, making it illegal to perform menial tasks for lower castes. This invokes the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013, stating that it applies within prisons as well.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reforming_Laws_and_Practices\"><\/span><strong>Reforming Laws and Practices<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There is a need for amendments to the Modern Prison Manual of 2016 and the Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act, 2023:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Modern Prison Manual (2016):<\/strong> Introduced by the Ministry of Home Affairs, this manual updates prison administration with a focus on rehabilitation, human rights, and standardized management.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act (2023):<\/strong> This Act replaces the outdated Prisons Act of 1894, modernizing prison administration with a focus on reformative justice, undertrial management, and rehabilitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Denotified_Tribes\"><\/span><strong>Denotified Tribes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Denotified tribes were listed as &#8220;criminal tribes&#8221; under British colonial rule and now face social stigma and marginalization, including wrongful labeling as &#8220;habitual offenders.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ways_Forward\"><\/span><strong>Ways Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Implementation of Reforms:<\/strong> Governments must ensure the complete revision of prison manuals to eliminate caste-based discrimination.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Public Awareness:<\/strong> Awareness campaigns should address caste biases and stigmas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UK-Mauritius_Treaty_on_Chagos_Archipelago_Diego_Garcia_What_it_Means_Why_It_Matters_for_India\"><\/span><strong>UK-Mauritius Treaty on Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia: What it Means, Why It Matters for India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nFor years, Mauritius demanded the UK end its control on the Chagos Archipelago. Why was their ownership a matter of contention, and what are the interests of countries like the US and India here?<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background_of_the_Chagos_Archipelago\"><\/span><strong>Background of the Chagos Archipelago<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Located 500 km south of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean, the Chagos Archipelago consists of 58 islands. France ceded the islands to Britain in 1814, and in 1965, the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) was created, separating Chagos from Mauritius when it gained independence in 1968.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategic_Importance_of_Diego_Garcia\"><\/span><strong>Strategic Importance of Diego Garcia<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Diego Garcia is the largest island in the Chagos Archipelago and home to a major US military base, operational since 1986. It is crucial for American air operations in the Gulf War, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and is strategically important for monitoring key areas like the Malacca Strait.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Dispute_Between_the_UK_and_Mauritius\"><\/span><strong>The Dispute Between the UK and Mauritius<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mauritius claimed that the UK illegally occupies the Chagos Islands and has pushed for sovereign rights. In 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the UN General Assembly (UNGA) ruled that the UK should end its colonial control over Chagos and return it to Mauritius.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_the_UK-Mauritius_Agreement\"><\/span><strong>Significance of the UK-Mauritius Agreement<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Diego Garcia will remain under UK control for 99 years, with a new trust fund created for Chagossians displaced by the original detachment.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implications_for_India\"><\/span><strong>Implications for India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India has consistently supported Mauritius&#8217; sovereignty claims over the Chagos Islands, voting in its favor at the UNGA. This treaty allows India to strengthen ties with Mauritius in the context of growing Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean. Additionally, India recently helped Mauritius build an airstrip and jetty in Agal\u00e9ga, enhancing its presence in the Western Indian Ocean.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-2\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The UK-Mauritius treaty over the Chagos Archipelago marks a significant geopolitical development in the Indian Ocean. This resolution aligns with India&#8217;s interests in maintaining stability and securing its strategic ties in the region.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question_How_does_the_resolution_of_the_UK-Mauritius_dispute_over_the_Chagos_Archipelago_affect_Indias_geopolitical_interests_in_the_Indian_Ocean\"><\/span><strong>Question:<\/strong> How does the resolution of the UK-Mauritius dispute over the Chagos Archipelago affect India\u2019s geopolitical interests in the Indian Ocean?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odishas_Leopard_Population_Jumps_by_22_to_696\"><\/span><strong>Odisha\u2019s Leopard Population Jumps by 22% to 696<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nProtected areas prove to be the regions with the highest leopard abundance, says All Odisha Leopard Estimation 2024.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leopard_Panthera_pardus\"><\/span><strong>Leopard (Panthera pardus)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The leopard is one of the five big cats found in the world, native to Africa and parts of Asia. It is listed as &#8220;Vulnerable&#8221; on the IUCN Red List due to declining populations caused by habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Habitat:<\/strong> Leopards are highly adaptable and found in various habitats including forests, savannas, grasslands, and mountainous regions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Physical Characteristics:<\/strong> Leopards are known for their spotted coats and exceptional ability to climb trees and swim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conservation Status:<\/strong> Listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leopard_Population_in_Odisha\"><\/span><strong>Leopard Population in Odisha<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In 2024, the leopard population grew to 696, ranging between 668 and 724. This marks a recovery from a dip of 568 in 2022, though it still lags behind the 760 leopards estimated in the 2018 National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) census.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Protected_Areas\"><\/span><strong>Role of Protected Areas<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Similipal Tiger Reserve has the highest leopard population in Odisha, serving as a source for surrounding areas like Hadagarh and Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuaries. Other significant leopard populations were observed in Satkosia and Hirakud Wildlife Divisions, with the latter including Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_to_Conservation\"><\/span><strong>Challenges to Conservation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Despite the growth in population, challenges remain, including poaching and illegal wildlife trade. Approximately 45% of Odisha\u2019s leopards are found outside protected areas. Melanistic leopards, a rare morph, were recorded in three forest divisions, adding to the state&#8217;s biodiversity.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leopard_Conservation_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Leopard Conservation in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>According to National Tiger Conservation Authority reports, the leopard population stands at 13,874, though it has declined by 75-90% over the past 120-200 years due to habitat loss and poaching. National initiatives such as Project Leopard aim to enhance protection and mitigate threats to the species. Project Leopard was launched in November 2018 in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, and Rajasthan.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ways_Forward-2\"><\/span><strong>Ways Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Enhanced Monitoring:<\/strong> Focus on occupancy, prey base, and habitat health to ensure comprehensive conservation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Combat Poaching:<\/strong> Strengthening enforcement measures and increasing public awareness can help mitigate the poaching and illegal trade of leopard skins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Govt_Brings_Agriculture_Sector_Initiatives_Under_Two_Schemes_for_Flexibility\"><\/span><strong>Govt. Brings Agriculture Sector Initiatives Under Two Schemes for Flexibility<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nThe combined total expenditure for improving PM Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and Krishonnati Yojana will be \u20b91,01,321.61 crore, the government said.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Merger_of_Schemes\"><\/span><strong>Merger of Schemes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The initiatives of Soil Health Management, Rainfed Area Development, and Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana have been merged under the umbrella of PM-RKVY and KY to avoid duplication and ensure convergence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Goal:<\/strong> To give State governments flexibility in formulating comprehensive strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PM_Rashtriya_Krishi_Vikas_Yojana_PM-RKVY\"><\/span><strong>PM Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Allocation:<\/strong> \u20b957,074.72 crore.<br \/>\n<strong>Focus Areas:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sustainable Agriculture:<\/strong> Promotion of practices that ensure environmental sustainability and long-term productivity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Climate Resilience:<\/strong> Preparing agriculture for climate-related challenges through technological innovations and sustainable practices.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Private Sector Participation:<\/strong> Encouraging partnerships with private entities to modernize agricultural infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Krishonnati_Yojana_KY\"><\/span><strong>Krishonnati Yojana (KY)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Allocation:<\/strong> \u20b944,246.89 crore.<br \/>\n<strong>Focus Areas:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Food Security and Agricultural Self-Sufficiency:<\/strong> Enhancing production capabilities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Value Chain Development:<\/strong> Improving agriculture from production to market.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"State_Government_Flexibility\"><\/span><strong>State Government Flexibility<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>State governments can implement Annual Action Plans (AAP) tailored to their specific needs instead of receiving fragmented, scheme-wise approvals.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Additional_Initiatives_National_Mission_on_Edible_Oils_%E2%80%93_Oilseeds_NMEO-Oilseeds\"><\/span><strong>Additional Initiatives: National Mission on Edible Oils &#8211; Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>With a financial outlay of \u20b910,103 crore, NMEO-Oilseeds aims to boost domestic oilseed production and achieve self-reliance in edible oils by 2030-31.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Target:<\/strong> Increase oilseed production from 39 million tonnes to 69.7 million tonnes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_PM-RKVY_and_KY\"><\/span><strong>Importance of PM-RKVY and KY<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The initiatives are crucial for boosting agricultural growth and encouraging private sector involvement, aligning with the &#8220;Make in India&#8221; initiative that focuses on self-sufficiency in agricultural machinery and inputs.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ways_Forward-3\"><\/span><strong>Ways Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This broader strategy addresses challenges posed by climate change, food security, and global agricultural demands. The focus on value chain development and private sector involvement signals a shift towards making Indian agriculture more market-oriented and globally competitive.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indian_Push_Needed_to_End_AIDS_as_a_Global_Health_Threat_by_2030_UNAIDS\"><\/span><strong>Indian Push Needed to End AIDS as a Global Health Threat by 2030: UNAIDS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nIndia&#8217;s efforts are crucial for achieving the global goal of ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030, according to UNAIDS.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Progress_in_Indias_Fight_Against_AIDS\"><\/span><strong>Progress in India\u2019s Fight Against AIDS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>HIV Infections:<\/strong> Between 2010 and 2023, there was a 44% reduction in new HIV infections. However, 68,000 new infections occurred in 2023, indicating a need for intensified HIV prevention efforts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>AIDS-related Deaths:<\/strong> Reduced nearly 80%, showing substantial progress in treatment and care for people living with HIV (PLHIV).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UNAIDS_Role_and_Global_Strategy\"><\/span><strong>UNAIDS Role and Global Strategy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>UNAIDS leads global efforts to combat HIV\/AIDS by working with countries to reach the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 3.3, which aims to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Globally, 80% of prevention services should be delivered by community-led organizations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_and_Gaps_in_Prevention\"><\/span><strong>Challenges and Gaps in Prevention<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India must focus on accelerating prevention efforts in specific high-burden states and districts. The importance of HIV prevention is critical to achieving a sustainable HIV response, with a focus on preventing new infections.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>New Technologies and Treatments:<\/strong> UNAIDS advocates for new treatments, such as long-acting injectables for HIV, to be available at affordable prices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIDS_Acquired_Immunodeficiency_Syndrome\"><\/span><strong>AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cause:<\/strong> AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T-cells), weakening the body&#8217;s ability to fight infections.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transmission:<\/strong> It spreads through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Symptoms:<\/strong> Initial symptoms include fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes, progressing to severe infections, cancers, and eventual immune system collapse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Treatment:<\/strong> While there&#8217;s no cure, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) can manage the disease, prolonging life and reducing transmission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UNAIDS_Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIVAIDS\"><\/span><strong>UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Founded:<\/strong> 1996.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mission:<\/strong> To lead and coordinate the global response to HIV\/AIDS, aiming to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prevention:<\/strong> Focuses on reducing new infections by promoting safe sex practices, harm reduction, and mother-to-child transmission prevention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Treatment:<\/strong> Ensures global access to ART and promotes testing to identify undiagnosed cases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global Impact:<\/strong> UNAIDS coordinates with governments, NGOs, and civil society to implement programs, monitor progress, and advocate for policies that support vulnerable populations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ways_Forward-4\"><\/span><strong>Ways Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To combat AIDS effectively by 2030, efforts must intensify in prevention, empower communities, ensure affordable treatments, strengthen healthcare systems, and reduce stigma.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Italy_Matters_to_India\"><\/span><strong>Why Italy Matters to India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nIn today&#8217;s interconnected world, Italy and India share not only deep-rooted cultural and economic ties but also strategic and defense interests, particularly in the Indo-Mediterranean region.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Italys_Strategic_Importance_in_the_Indo-Mediterranean_Region\"><\/span><strong>Italy&#8217;s Strategic Importance in the Indo-Mediterranean Region<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Indo-Mediterranean region is essential for global trade, with Italy ranked as the 6th largest exporter in the world.<\/li>\n<li>Italy has increased its security and defense presence in the Indian Ocean Region and West Asia to ensure freedom of navigation and combat piracy, especially in areas like the Red Sea and Strait of Hormuz.<\/li>\n<li>Italy&#8217;s naval initiatives include:\n<ul>\n<li>European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR) Atalanta<\/li>\n<li>European Maritime Awareness in the Strait of Hormuz (EMASoH)<\/li>\n<li>Recently launched EUNAVFOR ASPIDES in February 2024<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Italy-India_Defense_Cooperation\"><\/span><strong>Italy-India Defense Cooperation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Areas of collaboration include industrial collaboration, maritime domain awareness, and joint military exercises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Technological_and_Economic_Cooperation\"><\/span><strong>Technological and Economic Cooperation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Blue-Raman submarine cable project, connecting Genoa with Mumbai, signifies deepening cooperation in digital connectivity between India and Italy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blue-Raman Submarine Cable Project:<\/strong> This project connects India to Europe via Israel and the Middle East, bypassing the Suez Canal to enhance global internet connectivity. It is crucial for India&#8217;s IT sector and international cooperation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People-to-People_Ties_and_Diaspora\"><\/span><strong>People-to-People Ties and Diaspora<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Italy hosts the second-largest Indian diaspora within the European Union.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indo-Mediterranean_Economic_Corridor\"><\/span><strong>Indo-Mediterranean Economic Corridor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Amid growing regional tensions, Italy has backed the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC):<\/strong> This transcontinental infrastructure initiative aims to enhance connectivity and trade between India, the Middle East, and Europe. It was announced at the G20 Summit 2023 in New Delhi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> To create an integrated network of railways, ports, and shipping lanes linking India with the Middle East (UAE, Saudi Arabia) and Europe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Participating Countries:<\/strong> India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, and European nations such as Italy and Germany.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infrastructure Focus:<\/strong> Rail network, shipping routes, green energy projects, and digital connectivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward-3\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Italy\u2019s importance to India extends far beyond traditional economic ties to defense cooperation, contributing to regional security in the Indo-Mediterranean.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Read Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">12<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> Marathi among 5 languages accorded \u2018classical language\u2019 status What in News? The Union Cabinet has granted \u2018Classical Language\u2019 status to Marathi, alongside four other languages\u2014Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali. Criteria for Classical Language Status The decision to accord a language classical status is based on several criteria, including its antiquity, recorded history, and the richness&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-november-2024\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Current Affair &#8211; 8 November 2024<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2449"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2450,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2449\/revisions\/2450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}