{"id":2241,"date":"2024-11-04T10:59:30","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T10:59:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2241"},"modified":"2024-11-04T10:59:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T10:59:30","slug":"current-affair-8-september-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affair &#8211; 8 September 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#ASI_Copies_Inscriptions_from_Three_Temples_in_Thirukkurungudi\" >ASI Copies Inscriptions from Three Temples in Thirukkurungudi<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Temples_Involved\" >Temples Involved<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Estampage\" >Estampage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Dravidian_Style_of_Architecture\" >Dravidian Style of Architecture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Key_Features\" >Key Features<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Temple_Shapes\" >Temple Shapes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Notable_Temples\" >Notable Temples<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Nations_with_Mineral_Reserves_Needed_for_Energy_Transition\" >Nations with Mineral Reserves Needed for Energy Transition<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News-2\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_are_Mineral_Reserves\" >What are Mineral Reserves?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Minerals_and_Their_Importance_in_Energy_Transition\" >Minerals and Their Importance in Energy Transition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Global_Distribution_of_Mineral_Reserves\" >Global Distribution of Mineral Reserves<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Conclusion-2\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Five_Pacts_Inked_Agreement_on_FTA_Negotiations_India_Steps_Up_Economic_Aid_to_Maldives_After_Talks_to_Reset_Ties\" >Five Pacts Inked, Agreement on FTA Negotiations: India Steps Up Economic Aid to Maldives After Talks to Reset Ties<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News-3\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Strengthening_Bilateral_Relations\" >Strengthening Bilateral Relations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Economic_Assistance\" >Economic Assistance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Free_Trade_Agreement_FTA_Negotiations\" >Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Negotiations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Defence_and_Maritime_Security_Cooperation\" >Defence and Maritime Security Cooperation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#People-to-People_Ties\" >People-to-People Ties<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Multilateral_Cooperation\" >Multilateral Cooperation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Key_Pillars_of_SAGAR\" >Key Pillars of SAGAR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Way_Forward\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Nobel_Prize_for_Medicine_Out_What_Exactly_Have_the_Winners_Worked_On\" >Nobel Prize for Medicine Out: What Exactly Have the Winners Worked On<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News-4\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_is_microRNA\" >What is microRNA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Mechanism\" >Mechanism<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Importance_of_Their_Work\" >Importance of Their Work<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Conclusion-3\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_is_Marburg_Virus_Which_Has_Rocked_Rwanda\" >What is Marburg Virus, Which Has Rocked Rwanda?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News-5\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Marburg_Virus\" >Marburg Virus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Spread_of_Marburg_Virus\" >Spread of Marburg Virus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Symptoms_of_Marburg_Virus_Disease\" >Symptoms of Marburg Virus Disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Prevention_and_Treatment\" >Prevention and Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Conclusion-4\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Board_Seeks_Report_on_Biodiversity_Destruction_in_Chokramudi_Hills\" >Board Seeks Report on Biodiversity Destruction in Chokramudi Hills<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News-6\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Why_is_this_Important\" >Why is this Important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_is_Neelakurinji\" >What is Neelakurinji?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Chokramudi_Hills\" >Chokramudi Hills<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Way_Forward-2\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Marine_Biodiversity_Awareness_Campaign_Vehicle_Flagged_Off\" >Marine Biodiversity Awareness Campaign Vehicle Flagged Off<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News-7\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Marine_Biodiversity\" >Marine Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Importance_of_Marine_Biodiversity\" >Importance of Marine Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Threats_to_Marine_Biodiversity\" >Threats to Marine Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Conservation_Measures\" >Conservation Measures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Indias_Initiatives\" >India\u2019s Initiatives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Way_Forward-3\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#A_Sustainable_Future_Within_Reach\" >A Sustainable Future Within Reach<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_in_News-8\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Global_Stocktake_at_COP28\" >Global Stocktake at COP28<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#UAE_Framework_for_Global_Climate_Resilience\" >UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Indias_Climate_Resilience_Strategies\" >India&#8217;s Climate Resilience Strategies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Global_Goal_on_Adaptation_GGA\" >Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Challenges_in_Implementing_the_GGA\" >Challenges in Implementing the GGA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Way_Forward-4\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#In_Brief\" >In Brief<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Ladki_Bahin_Yojana\" >Ladki Bahin Yojana<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Eligibility_Criteria\" >Eligibility Criteria<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Benefits\" >Benefits<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Slender_Loris\" >Slender Loris<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Overview\" >Overview:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#River_in_News\" >River in News<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Amazon_River\" >Amazon River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#Why_in_News\" >Why in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#About_Amazon_River\" >About Amazon River<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/#What_is_a_River_Basin\" >What is a River Basin?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ASI_Copies_Inscriptions_from_Three_Temples_in_Thirukkurungudi\"><\/span><strong>ASI Copies Inscriptions from Three Temples in Thirukkurungudi<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Epigraphy Division of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in Mysore has successfully copied inscriptions from three temples in Thirukkurungudi, Tirunelveli district, using the estampage method.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Temples_Involved\"><\/span><strong>Temples Involved<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nambi Rayar Temple (Thirukoshtiyur Temple):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Located in Thirukoshtiyur near Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu, this temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is one of the 108 Divya Desams (sacred Vishnu temples).<\/li>\n<li>Linked with the Vaishnavite saint Ramanuja, who learned the sacred \u201cAshtakshara\u201d mantra here.<\/li>\n<li>The temple features a five-tiered rajagopuram and follows the Dravidian architectural style.<\/li>\n<li>Inscription: A tax-free land donation for creating a garden to supply flowers for temple pujas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thirumalai Nambi Temple (Thirumaliruncholai Temple):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Situated in Thirumaliruncholai, near Madurai, Tamil Nadu, and also known as Azhagar Kovil, this temple is another of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Lord Vishnu.<\/li>\n<li>Saint Thirumalai Nambi, a scholar and priest, is associated with this temple.<\/li>\n<li>Set in a hilly region, it showcases traditional Dravidian architecture with detailed carvings and sculptures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aniliswarar Temple:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Located in Anilivandhan Kottai, near Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu. Its architecture follows the Dravidian architectural style.<\/li>\n<li>Inscription: Pandya period, dating back to the 9th century, revealed a donation of 50 sheep to the temple. This inscription was written in Vattezhuthu and Tamil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Estampage\"><\/span><strong>Estampage<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is an age-old technique in epigraphy used to produce precise reproductions of inscriptions. The process involves laying a specialized paper over the inscription, applying ink, and pressing the paper to imprint the engraving\u2019s details.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dravidian_Style_of_Architecture\"><\/span><strong>Dravidian Style of Architecture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Time Period:<\/strong> Between the 8th century and the 13th-14th century AD.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enclosure:<\/strong> Enclosed within a compound wall, unlike Nagara-style temples.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features\"><\/span><strong>Key Features<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gopuram (Entrance Gateway):<\/strong> The front wall contains an elaborate gateway tower called the gopuram, which serves as the main entrance to the temple complex.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vimana (Main Tower):<\/strong> The vimana or main temple tower has a stepped, pyramid-like structure that rises geometrically, contrasting with the curving shikhara found in North Indian temples.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temple Tank:<\/strong> A large water reservoir or temple tank is commonly found within the temple complex.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Temple_Shapes\"><\/span><strong>Temple Shapes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Square (Kuta or Caturasra)<\/li>\n<li>Rectangular (Shala or Ayatasra)<\/li>\n<li>Elliptical (Gaja-prishta or Vrittayata)<\/li>\n<li>Circular (Vritta)<\/li>\n<li>Octagonal (Ashtasra)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notable_Temples\"><\/span><strong>Notable Temples<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Pallavas were among the earliest builders of Dravidian temples. Notable examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mahabalipuram:<\/strong> Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) began construction, while Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha) built the Shore Temple, which houses three shrines for Shiva and Vishnu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Brihadeeswarar Temple (Thanjavur):<\/strong> Built by Rajaraja Chola in 1009 CE, this is the largest and tallest of Indian temples, known for its massive gopurams adorned with intricate sculptures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The successful copying of inscriptions from the three temples in Thirukkurungudi sheds light on ancient religious practices of the 9th Century.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nations_with_Mineral_Reserves_Needed_for_Energy_Transition\"><\/span><strong>Nations with Mineral Reserves Needed for Energy Transition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-2\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Transitioning to low-carbon energy increases demand for minerals crucial to solar, wind, nuclear, and battery technologies, reshaping geopolitics.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Mineral_Reserves\"><\/span><strong>What are Mineral Reserves?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mineral reserves refer to known and economically viable mineral deposits that can be extracted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Significance:<\/strong> These reserves will be critical in the shift from coal, oil, and gas to renewable energy sources, supporting the global clean energy transition.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minerals_and_Their_Importance_in_Energy_Transition\"><\/span><strong>Minerals and Their Importance in Energy Transition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bauxite:<\/strong> Primary source of aluminum. Essential for wind turbines, solar panels, batteries, electrolyzers, and transmission cables.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chromium:<\/strong> For geothermal and concentrated solar power. Used in wind turbines and for radiation shielding in nuclear power plants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cobalt:<\/strong> Used in consumer electronics, catalysts for the oil industry, resistant metal alloys, and critical components in many lithium-ion battery technologies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Copper:<\/strong> Critical element in solar photovoltaics, wind power, battery storage, and electricity grids.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Graphite:<\/strong> Component of battery anodes, important for the transition to electric vehicles, and stationary batteries for balancing electricity grids.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lithium:<\/strong> Core component of lithium-ion batteries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Manganese:<\/strong> Widely used in solar and wind power, and in lithium-ion batteries for electric cars.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Molybdenum:<\/strong> Has a very high electrical conductivity but expands little when exposed to heat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nickel:<\/strong> Used in the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries in electric cars.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rare earths:<\/strong> Used in wind power for permanent magnets.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Silver:<\/strong> Used in clean energy for solar photovoltaics and electric vehicles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uranium:<\/strong> Primary fuel for nuclear energy production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Distribution_of_Mineral_Reserves\"><\/span><strong>Global Distribution of Mineral Reserves<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Countries rich in these minerals are strategically positioned to benefit from the global energy transition. Their reserves are not only important for domestic energy needs but also for global supply chains in renewable energy technologies.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-2\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The shift to a low-carbon energy system will be shaped by the availability of crucial minerals. Countries with substantial reserves will play a central role in this transformation, influencing global energy markets and geopolitics.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Five_Pacts_Inked_Agreement_on_FTA_Negotiations_India_Steps_Up_Economic_Aid_to_Maldives_After_Talks_to_Reset_Ties\"><\/span><strong>Five Pacts Inked, Agreement on FTA Negotiations: India Steps Up Economic Aid to Maldives After Talks to Reset Ties<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-3\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Strengthening bilateral ties between India and Maldives through economic aid, defense cooperation, and Free Trade Agreement negotiations.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strengthening_Bilateral_Relations\"><\/span><strong>Strengthening Bilateral Relations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India and the Maldives are enhancing their bilateral relations with a focus on economic and maritime security cooperation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Assistance\"><\/span><strong>Economic Assistance<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India extended financial aid to the Maldives, including INR 30 billion and a USD 400 million bilateral currency swap agreement, helping the Maldives address foreign exchange challenges.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Free_Trade_Agreement_FTA_Negotiations\"><\/span><strong>Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Negotiations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Both nations agreed to start FTA negotiations to enhance trade, investment, and economic ties.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Defence_and_Maritime_Security_Cooperation\"><\/span><strong>Defence and Maritime Security Cooperation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India and Maldives launched a &#8220;Comprehensive Economic and Maritime Security Partnership,&#8221; focusing on maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>India agreed to refit and repair a Maldivian Coast Guard vessel and provide radar systems, hydrographic assistance, and disaster response support.<\/li>\n<li>The partnership includes upgrading infrastructure for the Maldivian National Defence Force (MNDF) and strengthening their surveillance and operational capabilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People-to-People_Ties\"><\/span><strong>People-to-People Ties<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The introduction of the RuPay card in the Maldives and the construction of social housing units are key projects enhancing cultural and economic connectivity.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Multilateral_Cooperation\"><\/span><strong>Multilateral Cooperation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Both nations reaffirmed their commitment to the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC), which focuses on regional maritime security.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region)<\/strong> is an Indian strategic vision aimed at enhancing maritime security, economic growth, and regional cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Launched:<\/strong> SAGAR was introduced in 2015 in Mauritius.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> Strengthen India\u2019s role as a net security provider in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) while promoting sustainable growth and cooperation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Pillars_of_SAGAR\"><\/span><strong>Key Pillars of SAGAR<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Maritime Security:<\/strong> Safeguarding India&#8217;s maritime interests, enhancing maritime domain awareness, and ensuring peace in the IOR.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic Cooperation:<\/strong> Enhancing trade, investment, and infrastructure development with IOR countries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sustainable Development:<\/strong> Promoting the Blue Economy and sustainable development of maritime resources in IOR.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capacity Building:<\/strong> Strengthening the maritime capabilities of littoral countries, especially through training and joint exercises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Disaster Risk Management:<\/strong> Supporting countries in the IOR with Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) during emergencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Strengthen economic ties through FTA negotiations, enhance maritime security cooperation, expand people-to-people connectivity, and promote sustainable regional development.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nobel_Prize_for_Medicine_Out_What_Exactly_Have_the_Winners_Worked_On\"><\/span><strong>Nobel Prize for Medicine Out: What Exactly Have the Winners Worked On<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-4\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun have been awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of microRNA and its critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_microRNA\"><\/span><strong>What is microRNA?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>MicroRNA (miRNA) are small molecules that regulate the production of proteins in cells, which are essential for most biological functions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanism\"><\/span><strong>Mechanism<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>These molecules bind to messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries instructions from DNA to make proteins. Instead of allowing immediate translation into proteins, microRNA either destroys the mRNA or delays its translation, controlling gene expression.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Their_Work\"><\/span><strong>Importance of Their Work<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gene Regulation:<\/strong> The discovery of microRNA revealed a previously unknown layer of gene regulation that is crucial for normal cellular function.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Disease Implications:<\/strong> MicroRNA plays a significant role in maintaining normal gene expression and tissue development across multicellular organisms, including humans. It is implicated in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Broader Impact:<\/strong> MicroRNA is not unique to roundworms but is found across many species, including humans, making it essential for understanding complex genetic functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-3\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The discovery of microRNA has revolutionized the understanding of gene regulation, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential medical research and treatment applications.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Marburg_Virus_Which_Has_Rocked_Rwanda\"><\/span><strong>What is Marburg Virus, Which Has Rocked Rwanda?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-5\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>One of the deadliest pathogens known to infect humans, the Marburg virus causes deadly hemorrhagic fever.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Marburg_Virus\"><\/span><strong>Marburg Virus<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Marburg Virus Disease (MVD):<\/strong> This is among the deadliest pathogens affecting humans, with fatality rates ranging from 24% to 88% in various outbreaks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historical Context:<\/strong> The first outbreak was recorded in Marburg, Germany, in 1967, with subsequent outbreaks mainly in Africa.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spread_of_Marburg_Virus\"><\/span><strong>Spread of Marburg Virus<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary Transmission:<\/strong> The virus is initially transmitted through contact with Rousettus bats, particularly the Egyptian fruit bat, which are known carriers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Human-to-Human Transmission:<\/strong> MVD spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids (blood, sweat, vomit) and indirectly through contaminated surfaces (e.g., bedding, clothing).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symptoms_of_Marburg_Virus_Disease\"><\/span><strong>Symptoms of Marburg Virus Disease<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incubation Period:<\/strong> Symptoms can appear 2 to 21 days after exposure.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Initial Symptoms:<\/strong> High fever, severe headache, muscle pain, abdominal pain, cramping, vomiting, and severe watery diarrhea.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hemorrhagic Symptoms:<\/strong> Many patients may experience bleeding in various areas, including the digestive system, which contributes to fatalities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prevention_and_Treatment\"><\/span><strong>Prevention and Treatment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Current Status:<\/strong> No approved vaccines or specific treatments exist for MVD, but supportive care (rehydration) can improve survival rates.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Research and Development:<\/strong> Rwanda is seeking experimental vaccines and treatments, with the Sabin Vaccine Institute supplying 700 doses of an experimental Marburg vaccine for frontline healthcare workers.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-4\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Marburg virus poses a severe risk to public health in Rwanda, necessitating urgent international cooperation and innovative health solutions to manage and mitigate the outbreak effectively.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Board_Seeks_Report_on_Biodiversity_Destruction_in_Chokramudi_Hills\"><\/span><strong>Board Seeks Report on Biodiversity Destruction in Chokramudi Hills<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-6\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Kerala State Biodiversity Board (KSBB) seeks a report on ecological damage in the Chokramudi Hills due to construction activities, which are impacting the Neelakurinji flowers and rare species in Idukki, Kerala.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_this_Important\"><\/span><strong>Why is this Important?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Chokramudi Hills, known for their rich biodiversity, including the rare Neelakurinji flower, are facing destruction due to human activities. The land ownership details are also under scrutiny, and action may be taken under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, if the land is public.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Neelakurinji\"><\/span><strong>What is Neelakurinji?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthianus)<\/strong> is a rare flower species that blooms once every 12 years, found predominantly in the Western Ghats. It is a key component of the unique ecosystem of the hills, supporting local flora and fauna, including the endangered Nilgiri Tahr.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chokramudi_Hills\"><\/span><strong>Chokramudi Hills<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> Chokramudi Hills is part of the Western Ghats, situated in the Idukki district of Kerala, near Munnar. The Western Ghats is one of the eight &#8220;hottest biodiversity hotspots&#8221; in the world and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geological Features:<\/strong> Characterized by high-altitude grasslands and shola forests, the Western Ghats play a significant role in influencing the southwest monsoons, affecting the climate and agriculture of the region.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biodiversity Hotspot:<\/strong> Rich in flora and fauna, it is home to the Neelakurinji flower (Strobilanthes kunthianus), which blooms once every 12 years, and the endangered Nilgiri Tahr, a mountain ungulate found in the Western Ghats.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economical Aspect:<\/strong> The hills are surrounded by the lush tea plantations of Munnar, providing livelihoods to many locals and contributing to Kerala&#8217;s economy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward-2\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There should be a focus on stricter enforcement of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, sustainable development policies, ecological restoration efforts, and promoting community participation to safeguard the biodiversity of Chokramudi Hills.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Marine_Biodiversity_Awareness_Campaign_Vehicle_Flagged_Off\"><\/span><strong>Marine Biodiversity Awareness Campaign Vehicle Flagged Off<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-7\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A seven-day vehicle campaign in Ramanathapuram district promotes marine biodiversity conservation, raising public awareness on protecting marine ecosystems.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Marine_Biodiversity\"><\/span><strong>Marine Biodiversity<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Marine biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms in oceanic and coastal ecosystems, including species, genes, and ecosystems. Oceans cover 71% of the Earth\u2019s surface and host around 25% of global biodiversity, playing a critical role in regulating climate and supporting livelihoods.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Marine_Biodiversity\"><\/span><strong>Importance of Marine Biodiversity<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Climate Regulation:<\/strong> Marine ecosystems absorb carbon dioxide, acting as carbon sinks, and influence weather patterns.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Food Security:<\/strong> Provides fish and seafood, a major protein source for millions of people globally.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic Value:<\/strong> Supports fisheries, tourism, and pharmaceutical industries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ecosystem Services:<\/strong> Purifies water, protects shorelines from erosion, and supports nutrient cycling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Threats_to_Marine_Biodiversity\"><\/span><strong>Threats to Marine Biodiversity<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Overfishing:<\/strong> Depletes fish populations, disrupting food chains.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Climate Change:<\/strong> Causes ocean acidification, coral bleaching, and rising sea levels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pollution:<\/strong> Marine pollution from plastic, oil spills, and toxic chemicals harms aquatic life.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Habitat Destruction:<\/strong> Coastal development, mangrove deforestation, and coral reef degradation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conservation_Measures\"><\/span><strong>Conservation Measures<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):<\/strong> Designating regions for the conservation of marine ecosystems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sustainable Fisheries:<\/strong> Regulating fishing practices and promoting aquaculture.<\/li>\n<li><strong>International Agreements:<\/strong> Treaties like the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) focus on marine conservation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blue Economy:<\/strong> Promoting sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth while ensuring environmental health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_Initiatives\"><\/span><strong>India\u2019s Initiatives<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>National Marine Fisheries Policy, 2017:<\/strong> Aims to ensure sustainable development in marine fisheries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conservation of Coral Reefs:<\/strong> Projects in areas like Gulf of Mannar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM):<\/strong> A strategy to manage coastal areas sustainably.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):<\/strong> India has established MPAs in regions like Lakshadweep, Gulf of Kutch, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward-3\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A vehicle campaign in Ramanathapuram promotes marine biodiversity awareness, emphasizing conservation, sustainable practices, and community engagement to protect marine ecosystems.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Sustainable_Future_Within_Reach\"><\/span><strong>A Sustainable Future Within Reach<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-8\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India and other countries should bolster their adaptive strategies, safeguarding their populations and economies.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Stocktake_at_COP28\"><\/span><strong>Global Stocktake at COP28<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Climate Adaptation Gaps:<\/strong> The first global stocktake at COP28 highlighted significant gaps in adaptation efforts across sectors and regions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA):<\/strong> Focuses on enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience, and reducing vulnerability to climate change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UAE_Framework_for_Global_Climate_Resilience\"><\/span><strong>UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Impact, vulnerability, and risk assessment.<\/li>\n<li>Country-driven planning and implementation of adaptation policies.<\/li>\n<li>Monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2030 Targets:<\/strong> Include reducing water scarcity, attaining climate-resilient food production, and enhancing health services to mitigate climate-related impacts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_Climate_Resilience_Strategies\"><\/span><strong>India&#8217;s Climate Resilience Strategies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>India\u2019s Role:<\/strong> India is advocating for stronger policy frameworks, capacity building, and enhanced financial support from developed countries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indicator Development:<\/strong> Under the UAE-Belem work programme, indicators for measuring GGA progress are being developed, focusing on the specific realities of developing countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Goal_on_Adaptation_GGA\"><\/span><strong>Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) is a key commitment under the Paris Agreement aimed at enhancing adaptive capacity, bolstering resilience, and reducing vulnerability to climate change. The GGA emphasizes the importance of nations conducting thorough climate risk assessments, utilizing the results to inform policy decisions, and establishing early warning systems by 2027.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_in_Implementing_the_GGA\"><\/span><strong>Challenges in Implementing the GGA<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Translating Global Goals to National Action:<\/strong> Adapting broad goals to specific national contexts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Measuring Progress:<\/strong> Establishing effective metrics for assessment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Financing Gap:<\/strong> Addressing the financial resources needed for adaptation efforts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward-4\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Strengthen Financial Commitments:<\/strong> Developed nations must fulfill their climate finance obligations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collaborative Efforts:<\/strong> The upcoming COP29 negotiations will be crucial in resolving tensions regarding financial commitments and advancing GGA implementation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Brief\"><\/span><strong>In Brief<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ladki_Bahin_Yojana\"><\/span><strong>Ladki Bahin Yojana<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Ladki Bahin Yojana aims to empower women by offering monthly financial support, helping them meet their essential needs and improve their quality of life. It promotes gender equality and encourages women&#8217;s involvement in socio-economic activities, fostering their holistic development.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eligibility_Criteria\"><\/span><strong>Eligibility Criteria<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Residency:<\/strong> Must be a permanent resident of Maharashtra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Income:<\/strong> The family\u2019s annual income should be below \u20b92.5 lakh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Employment:<\/strong> Women working in government jobs or paying income tax are ineligible for this scheme.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Age Limit:<\/strong> 21 to 65 years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits\"><\/span><strong>Benefits<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana, introduced by the Maharashtra government, provides the following key benefits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Monthly Financial Aid:<\/strong> \u20b91,500 per month for eligible women.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Free LPG Cylinders:<\/strong> Three LPG cylinders annually.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Educational Support:<\/strong> Fee waivers for economically disadvantaged girls from OBC and EWS categories for higher education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Slender_Loris\"><\/span><strong>Slender Loris<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview\"><\/span><strong>Overview:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>India&#8217;s first sanctuary dedicated to the endangered Slender Loris will be established in the Karur and Dindigul districts of Tamil Nadu.<\/p>\n<p>The Slender Loris is a small, nocturnal mammal that primarily lives in trees. Found in India and Sri Lanka, it ranks among the world\u2019s 25 most endangered primates. The species is listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is also protected under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.<\/p>\n<p>They play a vital ecological role by controlling pests harmful to crops, benefiting farmers. According to reports, approximately 14,000 Slender Loris inhabit the forests of Dindigul and Karur in Tamil Nadu.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"River_in_News\"><\/span><strong>River in News<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Amazon_River\"><\/span><strong>Amazon River<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_News\"><\/span><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Amazon basin, particularly the Rio Negro, is experiencing record-low water levels due to severe drought conditions exacerbated by climate change and below-average rainfall. This drought is the most intense in over 120 years of recorded measurements.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Amazon_River\"><\/span><strong>About Amazon River<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>World&#8217;s Largest River:<\/strong> It is the world&#8217;s largest river by water volume and width and the second-longest river in the world after the Nile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Course:<\/strong> Its journey begins high in the Andes Mountains and empties into the Atlantic Ocean on the northeastern coast of Brazil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>River Basin:<\/strong> It has the largest drainage area of any river system.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Watershed:<\/strong> Its watershed spans the countries of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Bolivia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Size Variability:<\/strong> The river\u2019s size changes with the seasons. In the dry season, it spans 4 to 5 km in width, but during the wet season, this can swell to 50 km.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tributaries:<\/strong> Notable tributaries include the Rio Negro, the Madeira River, and the Xingu River, among many others.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Amazing Rainforest:<\/strong> The Amazon Rainforest, which represents about half of the Earth\u2019s remaining rainforest, also constitutes its single largest reserve of biological resources.<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8220;Lungs of the Earth&#8221;:<\/strong> It is sometimes referred to as the &#8220;lungs of the Earth&#8221; due to its role in regulating the planet&#8217;s oxygen and carbon cycles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_River_Basin\"><\/span><strong>What is a River Basin?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>A river basin is the portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries. It encompasses all of the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks that flow downhill into one another, and eventually into the main river.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Read Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> ASI Copies Inscriptions from Three Temples in Thirukkurungudi What in News? The Epigraphy Division of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in Mysore has successfully copied inscriptions from three temples in Thirukkurungudi, Tirunelveli district, using the estampage method. Temples Involved Nambi Rayar Temple (Thirukoshtiyur Temple): Located in Thirukoshtiyur near Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu, this temple is&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-8-september-2024\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Current Affair &#8211; 8 September 2024<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2241"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2242,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2241\/revisions\/2242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}