{"id":2128,"date":"2024-10-23T10:43:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T10:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2128"},"modified":"2024-10-23T11:52:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T11:52:17","slug":"current-affair-5-october-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affair &#8211; 5 October 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#India_has_tech_to_protect_itself_from_missile_attack_like_Israel_more_numbers_needed_says_Air_Chief_Marshal_A_P_Singh\" >India has tech to protect itself from missile attack like Israel, more numbers needed, says Air Chief Marshal A P Singh<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#S-400_Triumf_Missile_System\" >S-400 Triumf Missile System:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Project_Kusha\" >Project Kusha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Iron_Dome_System\" >Iron Dome System:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Jaishankar_to_visit_Pakistan_for_SCO_meeting_What_is_the_organisation_%E2%80%94_and_what_is_its_significance\" >Jaishankar to visit Pakistan for SCO meeting: What is the organisation \u2014 and what is its significance?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#What_is_the_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation_SCO\" >What is the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Why_is_SCO_significant\" >Why is SCO significant?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Historical_Context_for_Indias_Membership\" >Historical Context for India\u2019s Membership<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Indias_Role_in_SCO\" >India&#8217;s Role in SCO<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Conclusion-2\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#As_China_tightens_grip_India_and_US_sign_agreement_to_strengthen_supply_chain_for_critical_minerals\" >As China tightens grip, India and US sign agreement to strengthen supply chain for critical minerals<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Critical_Minerals\" >Critical Minerals:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Supply_Chain_Vulnerabilities\" >Supply Chain Vulnerabilities:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Critical_Minerals_for_India\" >Critical Minerals for India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Current_Global_Scenario\" >Current Global Scenario<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Significance_of_Critical_Minerals\" >Significance of Critical Minerals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Concerns_Related_to_Critical_Minerals_in_India\" >Concerns Related to Critical Minerals in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Steps_Required_to_Boost_Critical_Minerals_Availability\" >Steps Required to Boost Critical Minerals Availability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Conclusion-3\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#How_circular_migration_can_help_meet_global_skill_shortage_and_lift_Indians_out_of_poverty\" >How circular migration can help meet global skill shortage and lift Indians out of poverty<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Global_Skill_Shortages\" >Global Skill Shortages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Government_Initiatives\" >Government Initiatives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Migration\" >Migration:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Types_of_Migration\" >Types of Migration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Reasons_for_Migration\" >Reasons for Migration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Impacts_of_Migration\" >Impacts of Migration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Poverty\" >Poverty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Types_of_Poverty\" >Types of Poverty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Conclusion-4\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Environment_How_elephants_are_counted_why_policy_needs_a_rethink\" >Environment: How elephants are counted, why policy needs a rethink<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Declining_Elephant_Populations\" >Declining Elephant Populations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#New_Methodologies\" >New Methodologies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Current_Approaches\" >Current Approaches<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Project_Elephant_Overview\" >Project Elephant Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Status_of_Elephants_in_India\" >Status of Elephants in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#About_Asian_Elephants\" >About Asian Elephants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Goals_of_Project_Elephant\" >Goals of Project Elephant<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Conclusion-5\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Question\" >Question:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Kerala_Urgently_Needs_to_Identify_Risk_Zones\" >Kerala Urgently Needs to Identify Risk Zones<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Natural_Status_of_Kerala\" >Natural Status of Kerala<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Recent_Disasters_in_Kerala\" >Recent Disasters in Kerala<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Why_Disasters_Are_Increasing_in_Kerala\" >Why Disasters Are Increasing in Kerala<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Increasing_Disaster_Frequency\" >Increasing Disaster Frequency<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#About_Landslides\" >About Landslides<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Causes_of_Landslides\" >Causes of Landslides<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Types_of_Landslides\" >Types of Landslides<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/#Way_Forward\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"India_has_tech_to_protect_itself_from_missile_attack_like_Israel_more_numbers_needed_says_Air_Chief_Marshal_A_P_Singh\"><\/span><strong>India has tech to protect itself from missile attack like Israel, more numbers needed, says Air Chief Marshal A P Singh<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nIndia has tech to protect itself from attack like Israel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Delay in delivery of S-400, why?<\/strong><br \/>\nIn 2018-19, India signed a contract with Russia for five S-400 missile squadrons. While three squadrons have been delivered, the remaining two face delays due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. Concurrently, the Indian Defence Acquisition Council has approved the procurement of the Long Range Surface Air Missile (LRSAM) system under Project Kusha.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"S-400_Triumf_Missile_System\"><\/span><strong>S-400 Triumf Missile System:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Overview:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe S-400 Triumf is a mobile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by Russia, designed to intercept and destroy various aerial threats including aircraft, drones, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Importance for India:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Strategic Need:<\/strong> Enhances India&#8217;s air defense capabilities and deterrence posture against China and Pakistan, both of which are modernizing their air forces and missile arsenals.<br \/>\n<strong>Geopolitical Context:<\/strong> India faces a two-front threat from China and Pakistan, necessitating robust air defense systems due to historical border disputes and conflicts.<br \/>\n<strong>Regional Stability:<\/strong> The acquisition counters China&#8217;s growing influence in the Indian Ocean Region, where it is constructing ports and military infrastructure.<br \/>\n<strong>Strategic Autonomy:<\/strong> Aims to diversify India&#8217;s defense partnerships and maintain autonomy amid global uncertainties.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Project_Kusha\"><\/span><strong>Project Kusha<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Led by DRDO:<\/strong> Project Kusha is focused on developing India\u2019s long-range air defense system, targeted for completion by 2028-29.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Capabilities:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe system will be able to detect and neutralize enemy threats, including cruise missiles and stealth aircraft. It will comprise three types of interceptor missiles with ranges of 150 km, 250 km, and 350 km, alongside advanced surveillance and fire control radars.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Competitive Edge:<\/strong><br \/>\nProject Kusha is expected to rival the S-400 system and Israel&#8217;s Iron Dome.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Iron_Dome_System\"><\/span><strong>Iron Dome System:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Overview:<\/strong> Ground-to-air defense system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries, operational since 2011.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Functionality:<\/strong> It detects and neutralizes threats, including rockets, artillery, and UAVs, using radar and interceptor missiles.<br \/>\n<strong>Specifications:<\/strong> Range: Close to 70 km.<br \/>\n<strong>Components:<\/strong> Includes detection and tracking radar, battle management and weapons control, and missile launchers.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India&#8217;s acquisition of the S-400 missile system and the development of Project Kusha mark significant steps in enhancing the country&#8217;s air defense capabilities.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jaishankar_to_visit_Pakistan_for_SCO_meeting_What_is_the_organisation_%E2%80%94_and_what_is_its_significance\"><\/span><strong>Jaishankar to visit Pakistan for SCO meeting: What is the organisation \u2014 and what is its significance?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nSCO is one of the few international organisations which deal with security issues and primarily has Asian members.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation_SCO\"><\/span><strong>What is the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Origins:<\/strong><br \/>\nFormed in 1996 as the &#8220;Shanghai Five,&#8221; including China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, in response to rising concerns over extremist groups and ethnic tensions in Central Asia after the dissolution of the USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expansion:<\/strong><br \/>\nOfficially established as an international organisation in 2001 with the inclusion of Uzbekistan. India and Pakistan joined as full members in 2017. There are 10 members, including China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Belarus. On July 4, 2024, the SCO officially admitted Belarus as an official member during the 24th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO in Astana, Kazakhstan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Observers:<\/strong> Afghanistan and Mongolia.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_SCO_significant\"><\/span><strong>Why is SCO significant?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Security Focus:<\/strong><br \/>\nSecurity issues, counter-terrorism efforts, and cooperation on regional stability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alternative to Western Influence:<\/strong><br \/>\nWith major powers like Russia and China leading the group, the SCO is seen as an alternative to Western-led international forums.<\/p>\n<p><strong>India\u2019s Interest:<\/strong><br \/>\nIt enhances India&#8217;s engagement with Central Asian nations and offers a platform for security cooperation despite tensions with China and Pakistan.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Context_for_Indias_Membership\"><\/span><strong>Historical Context for India\u2019s Membership<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Balance of Power:<\/strong><br \/>\nRussia supported India&#8217;s 2017 inclusion in SCO, while China backed Pakistan, balancing influence within the organization.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_Role_in_SCO\"><\/span><strong>India&#8217;s Role in SCO<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Security Cooperation:<\/strong><br \/>\nIndia actively participates in the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS), a critical SCO organ for counter-terrorism exercises and intelligence sharing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Challenges:<\/strong><br \/>\nIndia&#8217;s strained ties with Pakistan and China complicate its participation. Although the SCO promotes cooperation, it does not resolve underlying tensions among its members.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-2\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>SCO is vital for regional security, providing India a platform for communication with Central Asian countries, but struggles to resolve deep rivalries.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"As_China_tightens_grip_India_and_US_sign_agreement_to_strengthen_supply_chain_for_critical_minerals\"><\/span><strong>As China tightens grip, India and US sign agreement to strengthen supply chain for critical minerals<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nThis follows a series of unexpected curbs imposed by China, including restrictions on exports of gallium and germanium, which are products widely used in the semiconductor industry.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critical_Minerals\"><\/span><strong>Critical Minerals:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Critical minerals are essential for economic development and national security. Their availability is crucial, as supply chain vulnerabilities may arise from a lack of access or geographical concentration of these minerals.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supply_Chain_Vulnerabilities\"><\/span><strong>Supply Chain Vulnerabilities:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Concentration of critical minerals can lead to disruptions, affecting industries and technologies reliant on them.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critical_Minerals_for_India\"><\/span><strong>Critical Minerals for India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Identified Minerals:<\/strong> A set of 30 minerals has been identified by the Expert Committee under the Ministry of Mines based on factors like disruption potential and import reliance.<br \/>\n<strong>Key Minerals:<\/strong> Antimony, Beryllium, Cobalt, Lithium, Nickel, and others.<br \/>\n<strong>Geographical Distribution:<\/strong> Critical minerals are found in states like Bihar, Gujarat, and Jharkhand.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_Global_Scenario\"><\/span><strong>Current Global Scenario<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Rising Demand:<\/strong> Demand for critical minerals surged, especially lithium, cobalt, and nickel, driven by clean energy technologies.<br \/>\n<strong>Market Growth:<\/strong> The IEA predicts significant growth in demand for minerals essential for clean energy by 2040.<br \/>\n<strong>Concentration of Resources:<\/strong> Major reserves are concentrated in countries like Australia, China, and the DRC, raising geopolitical concerns.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_Critical_Minerals\"><\/span><strong>Significance of Critical Minerals<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Economic Development:<\/strong> Essential for high-tech industries, green technologies, and job creation.<br \/>\n<strong>National Security:<\/strong> Vital for defense and aerospace, ensuring self-reliance in critical supplies.<br \/>\n<strong>Environmental Sustainability:<\/strong> Necessary for achieving India\u2019s net-zero targets by 2070 and transitioning to electric vehicles.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concerns_Related_to_Critical_Minerals_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Concerns Related to Critical Minerals in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Limited Domestic Reserves:<\/strong> India has limited domestic reserves of key critical minerals.<br \/>\n<strong>Increasing Demand:<\/strong> Rising demand for these minerals challenges India&#8217;s supply capabilities.<br \/>\n<strong>Challenges Posed by China:<\/strong> China&#8217;s dominance in critical minerals poses a strategic challenge to India.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Steps_Required_to_Boost_Critical_Minerals_Availability\"><\/span><strong>Steps Required to Boost Critical Minerals Availability<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Ensuring Resource Availability:<\/strong> Strengthening domestic exploration and securing international partnerships.<br \/>\n<strong>Financial Considerations:<\/strong> Significant investment is required to scale mining and processing capabilities.<br \/>\n<strong>Technology as the Key Driver:<\/strong> Advancements in technology are crucial for efficient extraction and processing of critical minerals.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-3\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Addressing the challenges related to critical minerals is vital for India\u2019s economic growth, national security, and environmental sustainability.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_circular_migration_can_help_meet_global_skill_shortage_and_lift_Indians_out_of_poverty\"><\/span><strong>How circular migration can help meet global skill shortage and lift Indians out of poverty<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nIndia can address skill shortages in Europe and Japan through circular migration, allowing workers to gain experience and contribute to the home economy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Skill_Shortages\"><\/span><strong>Global Skill Shortages<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Regions Affected:<\/strong> Europe and Japan are experiencing shortages in critical sectors such as healthcare, construction, and technology due to ageing populations.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Initiatives\"><\/span><strong>Government Initiatives<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Skill Development:<\/strong> The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and state governments focus on identifying skilled workers and facilitating transitions through training and certification.<br \/>\n<strong>Training Programs:<\/strong> Initiatives like Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) upgrade skills to meet international standards.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Migration\"><\/span><strong>Migration:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A migrant is an individual who is relocating or has relocated across an international boundary or within a state, departing from their usual place of residence. Analysing changes in migration regarding scale, direction, demographics, and frequency can inform the development of impactful policies, programs, and practical interventions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Migration\"><\/span><strong>Types of Migration<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Internal Migration:<\/strong> Movement within the country, e.g., rural-urban migration.<br \/>\n<strong>External Migration:<\/strong> Cross-border movement for work or asylum.<br \/>\n<strong>Forced Migration:<\/strong> Due to wars or disasters.<br \/>\n<strong>Voluntary Migration:<\/strong> Driven by better economic prospects.<br \/>\n<strong>Reverse Migration:<\/strong> Return to the original place of residence.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reasons_for_Migration\"><\/span><strong>Reasons for Migration<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Economic:<\/strong> Push factors (poverty), pull factors (better jobs).<br \/>\n<strong>Socio-Cultural:<\/strong> Marriage, caste-based issues.<br \/>\n<strong>Political:<\/strong> Instability or persecution.<br \/>\n<strong>Environmental:<\/strong> Climate change, natural disasters.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impacts_of_Migration\"><\/span><strong>Impacts of Migration<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Positive:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Economic Growth:<\/strong> Remittances boost the economy.<br \/>\n<strong>Social Change:<\/strong> Spread of new ideas, cultural diversity.<br \/>\n<strong>Innovation:<\/strong> Migrants bring skills, contributing to development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Negative:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Urbanization Pressure:<\/strong> Overcrowding, pollution, slums.<br \/>\n<strong>Social Tensions:<\/strong> Competition for resources, family separation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poverty\"><\/span><strong>Poverty<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living &amp; income level from employment is so low that basic human needs can&#8217;t be met.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Poverty\"><\/span><strong>Types of Poverty<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Absolute Poverty:<\/strong> Scarcity of basic needs (food, water, shelter), measured at $1.90\/day. Common in developing nations.<br \/>\n<strong>Relative Poverty:<\/strong> Based on income inequality compared to surrounding living standards. Common in developed countries.<br \/>\n<strong>Situational Poverty:<\/strong> Temporary, caused by adverse events (job loss, disaster). Recoverable with minimal help.<br \/>\n<strong>Generational Poverty:<\/strong> Passed through generations, trapping people in poverty with no access to escape tools.<br \/>\n<strong>Rural Poverty:<\/strong> Fewer job opportunities, services, and education in rural areas. Dependence on farming and menial work.<br \/>\n<strong>Urban Poverty:<\/strong> Overcrowding, limited health, education, housing, and social protection in cities.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-4\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Circular migration offers a strategic approach to bridge global skill shortages while uplifting Indian workers from poverty.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environment_How_elephants_are_counted_why_policy_needs_a_rethink\"><\/span><strong>Environment: How elephants are counted, why policy needs a rethink<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nIndia&#8217;s elephant populations have significantly declined, highlighting the need for improved counting methods and urgent policy reassessment for protection.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Declining_Elephant_Populations\"><\/span><strong>Declining Elephant Populations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>According to the report titled &#8220;Status of Elephant in India 2022-23,&#8221; there have been delays in the Northeast census. Development projects, including mining and infrastructure, are identified as significant threats to elephant habitats.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_Methodologies\"><\/span><strong>New Methodologies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Lower numbers may not be directly comparable to previous censuses.<br \/>\nThe DNA profiling method did not significantly impact the northern landscapes, indicating that the drastic decline in other regions cannot solely be attributed to methodological variations.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_Approaches\"><\/span><strong>Current Approaches<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Synchronous All India Elephant Estimation 2022-23 (SAIEE 2023) used a genetic mark-recapture model to identify individual elephants through dung samples, marking a significant methodological shift.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Project_Elephant_Overview\"><\/span><strong>Project Elephant Overview<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Launched:<\/strong> 1992 by the Government of India as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.<br \/>\n<strong>Implementation:<\/strong> Operates in 16 states\/UTs with financial and technical support from the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Status_of_Elephants_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Status of Elephants in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Population:<\/strong> India has over 60% of wild Asian elephants, with 29,964 recorded in the 2017 census.<br \/>\n<strong>Reserves:<\/strong> 31 elephant reserves, covering approximately 76,508 sq km across 14 states.<br \/>\n<strong>Highest Populations:<\/strong> Karnataka (6,049), Assam (5,719), Kerala (3,054).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Asian_Elephants\"><\/span><strong>About Asian Elephants<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Subspecies:<\/strong> Indian, Sumatran, and Sri Lankan.<br \/>\n<strong>Habitat:<\/strong> Found in grasslands and forests across 13 countries in South and Southeast Asia.<br \/>\n<strong>Reproduction:<\/strong> Longest gestation (up to 680 days) and birthing every 4-6 years.<br \/>\n<strong>IUCN Red List:<\/strong> Endangered<br \/>\n<strong>Legal Protection:<\/strong> Listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and CITES Appendix I.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Goals_of_Project_Elephant\"><\/span><strong>Goals of Project Elephant<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Protect elephants and habitats.<br \/>\nMitigate human-elephant conflicts.<br \/>\nPromote conservation-friendly policies.<br \/>\nMonitor elephant populations and threats.<br \/>\nEnhance research for effective strategies.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-5\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Declining elephant populations highlight the urgent need for policy reform.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question\"><\/span><strong>Question:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>What specific policy interventions can be implemented to address the habitat threats facing elephant populations in India?<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_Urgently_Needs_to_Identify_Risk_Zones\"><\/span><strong>Kerala Urgently Needs to Identify Risk Zones<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>What in News?<\/strong><br \/>\nKerala is facing more natural disasters like floods and landslides, driven by climate change, unsustainable development, and landscape changes.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Natural_Status_of_Kerala\"><\/span><strong>Natural Status of Kerala<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>With the sea to its west and the Western Ghats to its east, Kerala used to be considered a relatively disaster-free zone. Kerala\u2019s widespread settlements, from coasts to hill slopes, coupled with infrastructure development, disregard natural drainage, slope stability, and encroachments into forests.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recent_Disasters_in_Kerala\"><\/span><strong>Recent Disasters in Kerala<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In July 2024, landslides in Wayanad severely affected Mundakkai and Chooralmala.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Disasters_Are_Increasing_in_Kerala\"><\/span><strong>Why Disasters Are Increasing in Kerala<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Landslides in the Western Ghats are becoming regular during monsoon seasons.<\/li>\n<li>The Chaliyar river, like the Sharavati, originates on the eastern side of the Western Ghats and cuts across the mountain range to debouch into the Arabian Sea.<\/li>\n<li>Rapid warming of the Arabian Sea increases the risk of extreme weather events, including floods, heatwaves, and cyclones, with rising Indian Ocean heat content since 2000.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Increasing_Disaster_Frequency\"><\/span><strong>Increasing Disaster Frequency<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Floods:<\/strong> The Kerala floods of 2018 were termed the &#8220;floods of the century.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coastal Erosion:<\/strong> Over 250 km of Kerala\u2019s 590 km coastline is impacted by erosion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Landslides:<\/strong> Frequent occurrences in the Western Ghats, worsened by human encroachments, development projects, and disregard for natural land stability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Landslides\"><\/span><strong>About Landslides<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Landslides are the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope due to gravity.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes_of_Landslides\"><\/span><strong>Causes of Landslides<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Geography:<\/strong> Kerala\u2019s steep slopes, tectonic factors, and heavy rainfall.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Human Activities:<\/strong> Deforestation, unplanned settlements, infrastructure development, and land-use changes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Landslides\"><\/span><strong>Types of Landslides<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rock Falls:<\/strong> Free-falling rocks from steep cliffs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Debris Flows:<\/strong> Saturated loose debris and soil that flow downslope.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Earth Flows:<\/strong> Slow-moving masses of soil or fine particles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slumps:<\/strong> Rotational sliding of a mass of earth or rock.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To mitigate landslides and other disasters, Kerala needs to implement sustainable land use, reforestation, improved drainage systems, slope reinforcement, early warning systems, public awareness programs, and policy reforms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Read Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> India has tech to protect itself from missile attack like Israel, more numbers needed, says Air Chief Marshal A P Singh What in News? India has tech to protect itself from attack like Israel. Delay in delivery of S-400, why? In 2018-19, India signed a contract with Russia for five S-400 missile squadrons. While three&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-5-october-2024\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Current Affair &#8211; 5 October 2024<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2129,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions\/2129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}