{"id":2125,"date":"2024-10-23T09:53:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T09:53:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2125"},"modified":"2024-10-23T11:52:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T11:52:53","slug":"current-affair-7-october-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affair &#8211; 7 October 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#%E2%80%98Shompen_people_prize_their_freedom_above_all_says_former_ASI_director_in_Andaman_Islands\" >\u2018Shompen people prize their freedom above all\u2019, says former ASI director in Andaman Islands<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Shompen_Tribe\" >Shompen Tribe<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Location\" >Location:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Group_PVTG\" >Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Population\" >Population:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Isolation\" >Isolation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Livelihood\" >Livelihood:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Social_Structure\" >Social Structure:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Language_and_Culture\" >Language and Culture:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Concerns\" >Concerns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Why_is_salt_pan_land_being_used_for_homes\" >Why is salt pan land being used for homes?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News-2\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_are_Salt_Pan_Lands\" >What are Salt Pan Lands?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Protection_Status\" >Protection Status:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Salt_Pans_in_India\" >Salt Pans in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Significance_of_Salt_Pans\" >Significance of Salt Pans<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Welfare_Schemes_for_Salt_Workers\" >Welfare Schemes for Salt Workers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Concerns-2\" >Concerns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Conclusion-2\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Why_did_Supreme_Court_strike_down_discriminatory_rules_across_state_prison_manuals\" >Why did Supreme Court strike down discriminatory rules across state prison manuals?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News-3\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Background_of_the_Ruling\" >Background of the Ruling<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Supreme_Courts_Findings\" >Supreme Court&#8217;s Findings<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Violation_of_Fundamental_Rights\" >Violation of Fundamental Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Directive_to_States\" >Directive to States<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Model_Prison_Manual_2016\" >Model Prison Manual 2016<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Objectives\" >Objectives<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Way_Forward\" >Way Forward<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Centre_plans_common_interest_groups_social_infra_micro-credit_for_urban_poor_workers_across_25_cities\" >Centre plans common interest groups, social infra, micro-credit for urban poor workers across 25 cities<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News-4\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Deendayal_Antyodaya_Yojana-National_Urban_Livelihoods_Mission_DAY-NULM\" >Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Objective\" >Objective<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Key_Components_of_DAY-NULM\" >Key Components of DAY-NULM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Significance_of_DAY-NULM\" >Significance of DAY-NULM<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Pilot_Project\" >Pilot Project<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Features_of_a_Pilot_Project\" >Features of a Pilot Project<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Selected_Cities_for_the_Pilot_Project\" >Selected Cities for the Pilot Project<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Concerns-3\" >Concerns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Conclusion-3\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#RBI_policy_Why_Monetary_Policy_Committee_may_keep_repo_rate_steady_but_could_cut_in_December\" >RBI policy: Why Monetary Policy Committee may keep repo rate steady but could cut in December?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News-5\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_is_the_Monetary_Policy_Committee_MPC\" >What is the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Current_Context_of_the_MPCs_Meeting\" >Current Context of the MPC&#8217;s Meeting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Inflation\" >Inflation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Types_of_Inflation\" >Types of Inflation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Causes_of_Inflation\" >Causes of Inflation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Effects_of_Inflation\" >Effects of Inflation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Measures_to_Control_Inflation\" >Measures to Control Inflation:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Conclusion-4\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Questions\" >Questions:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#How_Europes_Creating_the_Moon_on_Earth\" >How Europe\u2019s Creating the Moon on Earth<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News-6\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#LUNA_Analog_Facility\" >LUNA Analog Facility<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Simulating_Lunar_Conditions\" >Simulating Lunar Conditions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Challenges_with_Gravity_Simulation\" >Challenges with Gravity Simulation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Gravity_Offload_System\" >Gravity Offload System<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Applications\" >Applications:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Future_Developments_from_LUNA_Analog_Facility\" >Future Developments from LUNA Analog Facility<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Conclusion-5\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Scientists_Are_Working_on_a_Way_to_Detect_Cancer_with_Sound_Waves\" >Scientists Are Working on a Way to Detect Cancer with Sound Waves<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News-7\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Ultrasound_in_Medical_Use\" >Ultrasound in Medical Use<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Common_Uses\" >Common Uses:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Advantages\" >Advantages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Limitations\" >Limitations:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Current_Ultrasound_Use\" >Current Ultrasound Use:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#New_Detection_Technique\" >New Detection Technique:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Potential_Impact\" >Potential Impact:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Next_Steps\" >Next Steps:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Conclusion-6\" >Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Why_a_Proposed_Eco-Sensitive_Zone_Around_Gir_Forest_is_Facing_Protests\" >Why a Proposed Eco-Sensitive Zone Around Gir Forest is Facing Protests<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#What_in_News-8\" >What in News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Eco-Sensitive_Zone_ESZ\" >Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Human-Wildlife_Interaction\" >Human-Wildlife Interaction:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Process_for_Declaring_ESZs\" >Process for Declaring ESZs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Conclusion-7\" >Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#In_Brief\" >In Brief<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#SC_Dismisses_Pleas_Seeking_Review_of_Verdict_Scrapping_Electoral_Bonds_Scheme\" >SC Dismisses Pleas Seeking Review of Verdict Scrapping Electoral Bonds Scheme<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Features\" >Features:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Objectives-2\" >Objectives:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Public_Accounts_Committee_PAC\" >Public Accounts Committee (PAC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#India-Kazakhstan_Joint_Military_Exercise_KAZIND-2024_Commences_in_Auli\" >India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise KAZIND-2024 Commences in Auli<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#POCSO_Act\" >POCSO Act<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Places_in_News_Sudan\" >Places in News: Sudan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Geographical_Overview_of_Sudan\" >Geographical Overview of Sudan:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Economic_Overview\" >Economic Overview:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/#Impact_of_Climate_Change\" >Impact of Climate Change:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Shompen_people_prize_their_freedom_above_all_says_former_ASI_director_in_Andaman_Islands\"><\/span><strong>\u2018Shompen people prize their freedom above all\u2019, says former ASI director in Andaman Islands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India&#8217;s president visited Great Nicobar Island, which is planned for major development. Experts warn that this could threaten the indigenous Shompen tribe&#8217;s survival and ecosystem.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shompen_Tribe\"><\/span><strong>Shompen Tribe<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Location\"><\/span><strong>Location:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Shompen are indigenous to the dense tropical rainforests of the Great Nicobar Island, part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Group_PVTG\"><\/span><strong>Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Shompen are among the least studied PVTGs in India.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Population\"><\/span><strong>Population:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>While the 2011 Census estimated their population to be 229, their exact numbers remain unknown due to their isolation.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Isolation\"><\/span><strong>Isolation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Shompen are largely uncontacted, avoiding interaction with outsiders.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Livelihood\"><\/span><strong>Livelihood:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>They are semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers.<\/li>\n<li>Main activities include hunting wild pigs, pythons, monitor lizards, and fishing.<\/li>\n<li>They also engage in rudimentary horticulture and collect forest plants, with pandanus fruit being a staple.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_Structure\"><\/span><strong>Social Structure:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Nuclear families are common, with monogamy as the norm, though polygamy is allowed. The eldest male of a family controls household activities.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Language_and_Culture\"><\/span><strong>Language and Culture:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>They speak their own language, which includes multiple dialects, often incomprehensible across different groups. Physically, they exhibit Mongoloid features, including light brown skin and oblique eyes.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concerns\"><\/span><strong>Concerns<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The development planned for Great Nicobar Island, while economically promising, poses a significant threat to the survival of the Shompen tribe, potentially leading to the loss of their habitat, culture, and way of life.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Shompen tribe, one of India&#8217;s most vulnerable and isolated indigenous groups, face severe risks due to proposed development projects. Careful considerations must be taken to ensure their protection and cultural preservation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_salt_pan_land_being_used_for_homes\"><\/span><strong>Why is salt pan land being used for homes?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-2\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Indian government transferred 256 acres of salt pan land for Dharavi housing, raising environmental concerns over ecological impact.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Salt_Pan_Lands\"><\/span><strong>What are Salt Pan Lands?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Salt pans are low-lying coastal tracts where seawater periodically flows in, leaving behind salt deposits after evaporation. This process contributes to the natural balance of coastal ecosystems.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Protection_Status\"><\/span><strong>Protection Status:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>According to the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification of 2011, salt pans are categorized under CRZ-1B, marking them as ecologically sensitive. Economic activities, other than salt extraction and natural gas exploration, are restricted.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Salt_Pans_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Salt Pans in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mumbai:<\/strong> The city has 5,378 acres of designated salt pan land.<\/li>\n<li><strong>National Scale:<\/strong> India has identified around 60,000 acres of salt pan land. Major states include:\n<ul>\n<li>Andhra Pradesh: 20,716 acres<\/li>\n<li>Tamil Nadu: 17,095 acres<\/li>\n<li>Maharashtra: 12,662 acres<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_Salt_Pans\"><\/span><strong>Significance of Salt Pans<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Environmental:<\/strong> Salt pans, along with mangroves, act as natural barriers against coastal flooding, providing critical environmental services.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic:<\/strong> These areas support the livelihood of many workers involved in salt harvesting, processing, and transportation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Raw Material:<\/strong> The salt extracted from these pans is vital for industries such as chemicals, agriculture, and water treatment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tourism:<\/strong> Certain salt pans, with their scenic landscapes, have become attractions, contributing to the local economy through ecotourism and cultural tourism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Welfare_Schemes_for_Salt_Workers\"><\/span><strong>Welfare Schemes for Salt Workers<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scheme for Grant of Rewards to the Children of Salt Labourers:<\/strong> Offers financial rewards to children of salt workers for their educational progress.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Namak Mazdoor Awas Yojana (NMAY):<\/strong> Provides housing for salt workers and promotes cooperative societies within the salt industry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Salt Commissioner&#8217;s Organization (SCO):<\/strong> Oversees the development of the salt industry, facilitating technological improvements and conducting training programs for workers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concerns-2\"><\/span><strong>Concerns<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Constructing housing on salt pan land could disrupt the ecosystem, threatening the natural flood barriers and reducing biodiversity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Loss of Livelihood:<\/strong> The redevelopment may also displace workers who depend on salt pans for their income.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-2\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Dharavi Redevelopment Project seeks housing for slum dwellers but must balance economic goals with environmental and social concerns about salt pan lands&#8217; sustainability.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_did_Supreme_Court_strike_down_discriminatory_rules_across_state_prison_manuals\"><\/span><strong>Why did Supreme Court strike down discriminatory rules across state prison manuals?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-3\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>On October 3, 2024, the Supreme Court invalidated colonial-era prison rules, stating they reinforce caste differences and violate prisoners&#8217; fundamental rights.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background_of_the_Ruling\"><\/span><strong>Background of the Ruling<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court acted upon a plea which highlighted discriminatory rules in prison manuals from several states, including Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. The rules pertain to the classification of prisoners and the assignment of work, perpetuating caste-based labor divisions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supreme_Courts_Findings\"><\/span><strong>Supreme Court&#8217;s Findings<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>State prison manuals violate prisoners&#8217; fundamental rights by perpetuating social hierarchies.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Violation_of_Fundamental_Rights\"><\/span><strong>Violation of Fundamental Rights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Right to Equality (Article 14):<\/strong> The court ruled that using caste as a basis for classification in prisons reinforces caste differences and deprives prisoners of equal opportunities for reform.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right Against Discrimination (Article 15):<\/strong> The rules were found to discriminate against marginalized communities by relegating them to menial tasks while high-caste prisoners are assigned more respectable work.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17):<\/strong> The court noted that the manuals perpetuate untouchability, as specific degrading tasks are assigned based on caste affiliation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to Life with Dignity (Article 21):<\/strong> The manuals were said to restrict the dignity and personal growth of marginalized prisoners, violating their right to life with dignity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prohibition of Forced Labour (Article 23):<\/strong> The court indicated that imposing undesirable work on marginalized communities equates to forced labor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Directive_to_States\"><\/span><strong>Directive to States<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court ordered all states and union territories to revise their prison manuals within three months to eliminate caste discrimination. Additionally, the Centre was instructed to amend the Model Prison Manual 2016 and the draft Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act 2023.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Model_Prison_Manual_2016\"><\/span><strong>Model Prison Manual 2016<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Comprehensive guideline for the administration and management of prisons in India. It aims to standardize practices across states and union territories, ensuring that the rights of prisoners are upheld.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives\"><\/span><strong>Objectives<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>To provide a framework for prison management that emphasizes rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners into society.<\/li>\n<li>To ensure humane treatment of prisoners in accordance with constitutional and international human rights standards.<\/li>\n<li>To promote transparency and accountability in prison operations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court mandates revising prison manuals to eliminate caste discrimination, ensuring equality, dignity, and rehabilitation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Centre_plans_common_interest_groups_social_infra_micro-credit_for_urban_poor_workers_across_25_cities\"><\/span><strong>Centre plans common interest groups, social infra, micro-credit for urban poor workers across 25 cities<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-4\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The preparations for the pilot project started this week, with the enumeration of vulnerable households expected to start in November 2024.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deendayal_Antyodaya_Yojana-National_Urban_Livelihoods_Mission_DAY-NULM\"><\/span><strong>Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objective\"><\/span><strong>Objective<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>To reduce poverty and vulnerability among urban poor households by enabling access to sustainable livelihood opportunities through skill development, social mobilization, and enhanced access to credit and social infrastructure.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Components_of_DAY-NULM\"><\/span><strong>Key Components of DAY-NULM<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Social Mobilization and Institutional Development (SMID):<\/strong> Urban poor households, especially women, are organized into self-help groups (SHGs) and federations to foster collective action and ensure access to credit and social services.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Employment through Skill Training and Placement (EST&amp;P):<\/strong> A component aimed at enhancing employment opportunities for urban poor through training and placement services.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Self-Employment Programme (SEP):<\/strong> This component supports individuals and groups in starting their micro-enterprises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shelters for Urban Homeless (SUH):<\/strong> Provides secure, dignified shelters for the urban homeless, equipped with basic amenities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_DAY-NULM\"><\/span><strong>Significance of DAY-NULM<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Poverty Reduction:<\/strong> Aims to reduce poverty among urban poor households.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Women Empowerment:<\/strong> Focuses on empowering women through collective action and access to resources.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inclusive Growth:<\/strong> Promotes inclusive economic growth and social development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pilot_Project\"><\/span><strong>Pilot Project<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A pilot project is a preliminary, small-scale implementation of a larger initiative, designed to test its feasibility, effectiveness, and impact before a full-scale rollout. It serves as a critical tool for policymakers and organizations to evaluate strategies and gather insights for future implementations.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Features_of_a_Pilot_Project\"><\/span><strong>Features of a Pilot Project<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Objective Testing:<\/strong> Tests the objectives of the initiative.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data Collection and Evaluation:<\/strong> Gathers data for assessing impact.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Limited Scope:<\/strong> Focuses on a specific area or demographic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flexibility:<\/strong> Allows for adjustments based on feedback.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scalability:<\/strong> Evaluates potential for larger implementation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Selected_Cities_for_the_Pilot_Project\"><\/span><strong>Selected Cities for the Pilot Project<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The cities selected for the pilot project are Guwahati, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Bhubaneswar, Puri, Rourkela, Kolkata, Durgapur, Surat, Ahmedabad, Dahod, Lucknow, Agra, Varanasi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Bhopal, Ujjain, Indore, Chennai, Tirupur, Agartala, Chamba, Aizawl, and Patna.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concerns-3\"><\/span><strong>Concerns<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Implementation challenges such as lack of awareness, bureaucratic delays, and inadequate infrastructure may hinder the mission&#8217;s goals. Urban slums require continuous monitoring and infrastructure development to ensure the effectiveness of initiatives like shelters for the homeless.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-3\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The expanded DAY-NULM pilot project aims to improve urban livelihoods for the poor, but addressing implementation gaps and infrastructure is crucial for success.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"RBI_policy_Why_Monetary_Policy_Committee_may_keep_repo_rate_steady_but_could_cut_in_December\"><\/span><strong>RBI policy: Why Monetary Policy Committee may keep repo rate steady but could cut in December?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-5\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The six-member MPC may change the monetary policy stance from \u2018withdrawal of accommodation\u2019 to \u2018neutral\u2019 in the policy meeting next week.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Monetary_Policy_Committee_MPC\"><\/span><strong>What is the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Composition:<\/strong> The MPC consists of six members, including three officials from the RBI and three external experts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Role:<\/strong> To formulate the monetary policy of India, particularly focusing on controlling inflation and managing economic growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_Context_of_the_MPCs_Meeting\"><\/span><strong>Current Context of the MPC&#8217;s Meeting<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Inflation Concerns:<\/strong> Recent data indicates a rise in inflation, with September CPI projected at 5.2%, driven primarily by increasing food prices.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Growth Projections:<\/strong> The MPC&#8217;s earlier projections forecast CPI inflation at 4.5% and GDP growth at 7.2% for FY2025.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inflation\"><\/span><strong>Inflation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Inflation refers to the general increase in prices of goods and services in an economy over time, leading to a decline in purchasing power.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Inflation\"><\/span><strong>Types of Inflation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Demand-Pull Inflation:<\/strong> Occurs when demand for goods and services exceeds supply. Often linked to economic growth and increased consumer spending.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cost-Push Inflation:<\/strong> Results from rising production costs, such as wages and raw materials. Can lead to reduced supply, further driving up prices.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Built-In Inflation:<\/strong> Arises from adaptive expectations, where businesses and workers anticipate future inflation and adjust prices and wages accordingly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes_of_Inflation\"><\/span><strong>Causes of Inflation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Monetary Factors:<\/strong> Increase in money supply without a corresponding increase in goods and services. Expansionary monetary policies by central banks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supply Chain Disruptions:<\/strong> Natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, or pandemics can disrupt supply chains.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Government Policies:<\/strong> Fiscal policies, such as increased government spending, can boost demand and lead to inflation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global Factors:<\/strong> External shocks like oil price hikes can lead to widespread cost-push inflation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effects_of_Inflation\"><\/span><strong>Effects of Inflation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reduced Purchasing Power:<\/strong> Erodes the value of money, affecting consumers\u2019 ability to buy goods and services.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uncertainty in Investments:<\/strong> High inflation creates uncertainty, discouraging long-term investment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interest Rate Impact:<\/strong> Central banks may raise interest rates to control inflation, affecting borrowing costs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Income Redistribution:<\/strong> Fixed-income groups suffer, while those with assets may benefit from inflation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Measures_to_Control_Inflation\"><\/span><strong>Measures to Control Inflation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Monetary Policy:<\/strong> Central banks can increase interest rates or reduce money supply to curb inflation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fiscal Policy:<\/strong> Reducing government spending or increasing taxes to decrease demand.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supply-Side Policies:<\/strong> Improving productivity and efficiency to increase supply and stabilize prices.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regulatory Measures:<\/strong> Implementing price controls or anti-profiteering measures during inflationary periods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-4\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The MPC&#8217;s upcoming meeting will be crucial in shaping India&#8217;s monetary policy landscape, balancing growth and inflation concerns.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Questions\"><\/span><strong>Questions:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>What factors should the MPC consider when deciding whether to change the repo rate, and how might this impact the broader economy?<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Europes_Creating_the_Moon_on_Earth\"><\/span><strong>How Europe\u2019s Creating the Moon on Earth<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-6\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Europe is taking significant steps toward lunar exploration with the unveiling of the LUNA Analog Facility, a crucial training ground designed to mimic the moon\u2019s environment.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LUNA_Analog_Facility\"><\/span><strong>LUNA Analog Facility<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Launched by the German Space Agency (DLR) and the European Space Agency (ESA) in September 2024.<\/li>\n<li>The facility aims to recreate essential lunar conditions, including sandy regolith-like material and specialized lighting.<\/li>\n<li>Initial plans included a massive 700 square meters of artificial regolith made from volcanic soil and rocks from Italy, Germany, and Norway.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simulating_Lunar_Conditions\"><\/span><strong>Simulating Lunar Conditions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Demonstrated sample collection in a controlled environment, showcasing the importance of simulating moon-like conditions.<\/p>\n<p>The facility currently lacks a gravity simulator, which means astronauts walk instead of bouncing as they would on the moon.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_with_Gravity_Simulation\"><\/span><strong>Challenges with Gravity Simulation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Traditional methods like parabolic flights or swimming pools for zero-gravity training are not applicable in the LUNA facility.<\/p>\n<p>Engineers are working on a &#8220;gravity offload system&#8221; to mimic lunar gravity, which involves attaching cables to astronauts\u2019 suits to provide resistance.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gravity_Offload_System\"><\/span><strong>Gravity Offload System<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To counteract the effects of gravity on objects, creating a microgravity environment for testing and experimentation. These systems are crucial in aerospace, robotics, and scientific research.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications\"><\/span><strong>Applications:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Aerospace Engineering<\/li>\n<li>Robotics<\/li>\n<li>Biomedical Research<\/li>\n<li>Material Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_Developments_from_LUNA_Analog_Facility\"><\/span><strong>Future Developments from LUNA Analog Facility<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Life Support and Sustainability:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Closed-loop systems for recycling air, water, and waste.<\/li>\n<li>Innovative food production techniques (hydroponics, aeroponics).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Resource Utilization:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies to extract lunar materials.<\/li>\n<li>Pilot projects for ISRU processes on the Moon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Habitat Design and Construction:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Modular habitat designs for easy deployment and expansion.<\/li>\n<li>3D printing using lunar regolith for construction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robotic and Autonomous Systems:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Development of robotic systems for habitat construction and exploration.<\/li>\n<li>Autonomous vehicles for surface exploration and data collection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-5\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The LUNA Analog Facility enhances lunar exploration and highlights Europe\u2019s commitment to astronaut training and moon missions.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scientists_Are_Working_on_a_Way_to_Detect_Cancer_with_Sound_Waves\"><\/span><strong>Scientists Are Working on a Way to Detect Cancer with Sound Waves<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-7\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Scientists have developed a novel technique that uses ultrasound to detect cancer by breaking off tissue into droplets containing DNA, RNA, and proteins.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ultrasound_in_Medical_Use\"><\/span><strong>Ultrasound in Medical Use<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique using high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal body structures.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Uses\"><\/span><strong>Common Uses:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Obstetrics:<\/strong> Monitoring fetal development during pregnancy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cardiology:<\/strong> Evaluating heart conditions (echocardiography).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abdominal Imaging:<\/strong> Examining organs like the liver, kidneys, and gallbladder.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soft Tissue Imaging:<\/strong> Diagnosing issues in muscles, tendons, and ligaments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages\"><\/span><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Non-invasive and safe.<\/li>\n<li>No ionizing radiation exposure (unlike X-rays).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations\"><\/span><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Limited for imaging bones and air-filled organs like the lungs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_Ultrasound_Use\"><\/span><strong>Current Ultrasound Use:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ultrasound is commonly used to image internal organs, converting sound waves into visual representations.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_Detection_Technique\"><\/span><strong>New Detection Technique:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Researchers are exploring how high-energy ultrasound can dislodge small pieces of cancerous tissue, releasing their contents into the bloodstream. These contents include biomarkers that can help detect cancer and its mutations.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Potential_Impact\"><\/span><strong>Potential Impact:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Non-invasive:<\/strong> This ultrasound-based technique could reduce the need for painful biopsies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Affordable:<\/strong> The test is expected to be cost-effective and simpler, benefiting a wider population.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Early Detection:<\/strong> Detecting cancer cells and their mutations could allow for earlier and more accurate diagnoses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Next_Steps\"><\/span><strong>Next Steps:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The researchers aim to extend the technique to detect other cancers, such as breast cancer and melanoma. However, large-scale clinical trials are required before the method can be implemented in healthcare.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-6\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The ultrasound-based detection method offers a promising alternative to traditional biopsies, providing a non-invasive, cost-effective solution for early cancer detection. If successful in clinical trials, it could revolutionize cancer screening within the next five years.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_a_Proposed_Eco-Sensitive_Zone_Around_Gir_Forest_is_Facing_Protests\"><\/span><strong>Why a Proposed Eco-Sensitive Zone Around Gir Forest is Facing Protests<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_in_News-8\"><\/span><strong>What in News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) proposed the establishment of an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around Gir Forest in Gujarat.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eco-Sensitive_Zone_ESZ\"><\/span><strong>Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The National Environment Policy (2006) defined the Eco-Sensitive Zones \u201cas areas\/zones with identified environmental resources having incomparable values which require special attention for their conservation\u201d because of their landscape, wildlife, biodiversity, historical, and natural values. The objective is to protect the environment and the biological integrity of the area outside the protected areas and other such areas where an ecosystem has been adversely affected due to anthropogenic and climatic factors.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Human-Wildlife_Interaction\"><\/span><strong>Human-Wildlife Interaction:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The local communities have historically tolerated the presence of lions, but increased human encroachment and lion movements beyond the forest boundaries have raised concerns about conflicts and livestock loss.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_for_Declaring_ESZs\"><\/span><strong>Process for Declaring ESZs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>State Government Role:<\/strong> Each state&#8217;s forest department prepares site-specific ESZ proposals for Protected Areas (PAs), which are forwarded to the MoEFCC for review.<\/li>\n<li>The MoEFCC issues a draft notification and invites public objections and suggestions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-7\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The proposed Eco-Sensitive Zone around Gir Forest has sparked significant protests, highlighting the tension between wildlife conservation and local development. As stakeholders debate the implications, it is crucial to find a balance that protects the unique biodiversity of Gir while addressing the legitimate concerns of local communities.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Brief\"><\/span><strong>In Brief<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SC_Dismisses_Pleas_Seeking_Review_of_Verdict_Scrapping_Electoral_Bonds_Scheme\"><\/span><strong>SC Dismisses Pleas Seeking Review of Verdict Scrapping Electoral Bonds Scheme<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court has dismissed a batch of pleas seeking review of its February 15 verdict. Electoral bonds are financial instruments introduced in India to facilitate anonymous donations to political parties, aiming to enhance transparency in political funding.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Features\"><\/span><strong>Features:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nature:<\/strong> Bearer instruments issued by the Government of India, purchasable by Indian citizens or companies incorporated in India.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Denominations:<\/strong> Available in multiple denominations (e.g., \u20b91,000, \u20b910,000, \u20b91 lakh, \u20b910 lakh).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Purchase and Donation:<\/strong> Can be purchased from specified State Bank of India (SBI) branches, allowing donors to anonymously contribute to political parties.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eligibility:<\/strong> Only registered political parties under the Representation of the People Act, 1951, that have secured at least 1% of the votes in the last election can redeem these bonds.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validity:<\/strong> Bonds have a lifespan of 15 days from the date of purchase; after this period, they cannot be redeemed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives-2\"><\/span><strong>Objectives:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Transparency in Political Funding:<\/strong> Aims to reduce the influence of black money in elections and enhance accountability.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Encouraging Donations:<\/strong> Intended to promote political contributions by providing anonymity to donors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Public_Accounts_Committee_PAC\"><\/span><strong>Public Accounts Committee (PAC)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary Function:<\/strong> Examines the Comptroller and Auditor General (C&amp;AG) audit report and ensures funds granted by Parliament are spent within approved limits.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Genesis:<\/strong> Established in 1921, became a full Parliamentary Committee after the Indian Constitution came into effect in 1950.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Membership:<\/strong> Comprises 22 members (15 from Lok Sabha, 7 from Rajya Sabha), with the Chairperson usually from the Opposition.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Functions:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Examines accounts of government expenditures and C&amp;AG reports.<\/li>\n<li>Ensures funds are spent legally, wisely, and economically.<\/li>\n<li>Reviews cases of financial losses or irregularities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"India-Kazakhstan_Joint_Military_Exercise_KAZIND-2024_Commences_in_Auli\"><\/span><strong>India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise KAZIND-2024 Commences in Auli<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Event: The 8th edition of the India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise KAZIND-2024 is being held from September 30 to October 13, 2024, at Auli, Uttarakhand.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Participants:<\/strong> Indian Army&#8217;s KUMAON Regiment, Indian Air Force, Kazakhstan&#8217;s Land Forces, and Airborne Assault Troopers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> Enhance joint military capability in counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Focus Areas:<\/strong> Tactical drills, joint response to terrorism, Special Heliborne Operations, drone usage, and improving interoperability.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong> Strengthens defence cooperation and bilateral relations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"POCSO_Act\"><\/span><strong>POCSO Act<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Enacted:<\/strong> Effective from November 14, 2012, in response to India&#8217;s ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1992).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> Protect children (below 18) from sexual exploitation and abuse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2019 Amendment:<\/strong> Introduced stricter punishments, including the death penalty for severe offenses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Features:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Gender-neutral law.<\/li>\n<li>Clear definitions of sexual crimes and new offenses like child pornography.<\/li>\n<li>POCSO Rules 2020: Interim compensation, special relief, support persons for child victims, immediate aid via CWC recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Places_in_News_Sudan\"><\/span><strong>Places in News: Sudan<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Current Issues:<\/strong> The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) escalated on September 26, 2024, with a major offensive by SAF in Khartoum and Bahri.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geographical_Overview_of_Sudan\"><\/span><strong>Geographical Overview of Sudan:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> Sudan is the third-largest country in Africa, located in northeastern Africa, sharing borders with Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, with access to the Red Sea.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capital:<\/strong> Khartoum.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strategic Importance:<\/strong> Access to the Red Sea is vital for global trade routes, including oil transportation; borders resource-rich regions like South Sudan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Major Rivers:<\/strong> The Nile River flows through Sudan, essential for agriculture and population distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Overview\"><\/span><strong>Economic Overview:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Natural Resources:<\/strong> Sudan is rich in oil, gold, and minerals; most oil fields are in South Sudan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gold Mining:<\/strong> One of Africa\u2019s largest gold producers, but profits are controlled by military elites.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agriculture:<\/strong> Majority dependent on agriculture; food insecurity is rampant due to conflict and climate change.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic Sanctions:<\/strong> Under sanctions due to human rights abuses and involvement in terrorism under Omar al-Bashir\u2019s regime.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_Climate_Change\"><\/span><strong>Impact of Climate Change:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Nile River Disputes:<\/strong> Sudan is involved in disputes over the Nile\u2019s waters, particularly with Egypt and Ethiopia regarding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Read Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">11<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> \u2018Shompen people prize their freedom above all\u2019, says former ASI director in Andaman Islands What in News? India&#8217;s president visited Great Nicobar Island, which is planned for major development. Experts warn that this could threaten the indigenous Shompen tribe&#8217;s survival and ecosystem. Shompen Tribe Location: The Shompen are indigenous to the dense tropical rainforests of&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/current-affair-7-october-2024\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Current Affair &#8211; 7 October 2024<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2125"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2127,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2125\/revisions\/2127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upscmentorship.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}